Column Writing * - is a kind of writing that is personal and biased. Usually being written by veteran journalists (or those “graduated” from beat reporting); editors (either news editor‚ sports editor‚ business editor or entertainment editor) and also journalists. * - it is a feature that appears each issue under the same head‚ usually in the same place and is written by the same person or persons on some timely subject. Functions/Characteristics FUNCTIONS: 1. Typically attempt to persuade
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EXPERIMENT 2: BATCH DISTILLATION AT CONSTANT REFLUX OBJECTIVE: To operate a batch distillation unit at constant reflux. To examine the change in top and bottom composition over time in a batch distillation. PROCEDURES: 1. Perform the general start-up procedures (Section 4). Refer appendix 1. 2. Record initial volume and refractive index of the liquid mixture in the reboiler. 3. Set the heater power to 1.5kW. 4. Set reflux timer to 10 second for set 1 and 30 second for set 2. ( Note: Set 1:
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Civil Engineering Subject : Structural Analysis I - Laboratory Report Laboratory Venue : HKIVE (Tsing Yi)‚ Room CL02 Date & Time : 15 October 2001‚ 19:00 to 20:15 Experiment No. 1 : Column Buckling Test Objective: 1. To study the effect of support conditions on the load‚ carrying capacity of a slender column. 2. To compare the experimental buckling loads Pcr of test specimens with those predicted by the Euler equation. Apparatus: 1. SM 105 strut apparatus (Issuing Voucher: 0203141 & Inventory
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GOAL The goal of this experiment was to separate Toluene and Hexane by distillation and gas chromatography based on their difference in boiling points. The boiling point of hexane is 69 degrees Celsius and the boiling point of toluene is 110 degrees Celsius. Three fractions were collected for both simple and fractional distillation. The first fraction was hexane since it had the lower boiling point. The second fraction was a mixture of toluene and hexane. The third fraction was toluene since it had
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Experiment 1: Simple Distillation and Boiling Points- Separation of Liquids February 24‚ 2014 Analysis In this experiment‚ the distillation of three groups of two miscible liquids was performed. First‚ Ethanol and 2-Propanol were distilled. The boiling points of ethanol and 2-propanol had a difference of 5°C. The percent recovery for both ethanol and 2-propanol were both 0%. The percent recovery of the intermediate was 96%. The percent efficiency calculated of ethanol and 2-propanol was 0% efficient
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Specific Heat and Conservation of Energy When energy in the form of heat Q is added to a material‚ the temperature of the material rises. Note that temperature‚ in units of degrees Celsius (°C) or Kelvin (K)‚ is a measure of how hot or cold a substance is‚ while heat‚ in units of joules (J) or calories (cal)‚ is a measure of its thermal energy. 1cal = 4.19J. A measure of the efficiency with which a substance can store this heat energy is known as specific heat capacity‚ or simply the specific heat‚ . The
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Introduction Specific heat is defined as the measure of the ability of a substance to change temperature. Specific heat of a substance is the heat needed to change the temperature of 1 gram of a substance once degree Celsius. The more Joules (unit of heat) needed‚ the higher the specific heat will be. The goal is to determine specific heat of a soil sample as compared to water. This difference has many ramifications regarding our climate‚ with local and global. Hypothesis I predict that after
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Mechanisms of Heat Transfer Prepared by: Ms. Ana Antoniette C. Illahi 1 Conduction • conduction (or heat conduction) is the transfer of thermal energy between regions of matter due to a temperature gradient. Heat spontaneously flows from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature‚ and reduces temperature differences over time‚ approaching thermal equilibrium. Prepared by: Ms. Ana Antoniette C. Illahi 2 (Heat Current in Conduction) • • • • • • • • H - Heat Current
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conducted to find the specific heat of a metal as well as the heat of solution of a solid. Both experiments required the use of calorimetry to measure heat flow and temperature change. The specific heat of the metal was found by heating it in boiling water before transferring it to the calorimeter that was partially filled with water. After shaking the calorimeter‚ the temperature change was measured and recorded. This information was used to calculate the specific heat. The heat of solution of a solid
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this separation in crude oil is known as fractional distillation. Fractional distillation is carried out by heating the petroleum to 400 °C. As every hydrocarbon in petroleum has it a particular boiling point‚ by doing so‚ they will separate out and then be collected. The portion that remains thick at 400 °C falls to the bottom of the tower is removed and forms bitumen or asphalt. The mixture of vapours that enters the fractional distillation tower starts to condense as the temperature cools the
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