the total head decreased as the flow rate was increased and this was governed by the Bernoulli’s Principle. It was calculated that the Reynolds number for speeds of 3000rpm‚ 2500rpm and 2000rpm are 4.1707x107‚ 3.4756x107 and 2.7805x107 respectively. From these numbers‚ it was observed that at 2000rpm‚ efficiency was greatest‚ recording 50.3% efficiency and this was possibly due to the smaller turbulent flow and thus having a smaller resistance due to the friction coefficient of the pipe. The predicted
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straight pipe‚ pipe bend‚ orifice meter‚ venturi meter. 3.1.1. Object The object of this experiment is to investigate the variations in fluid pressure for flow in straight pipes‚ through pipe bends‚ fittings‚ orifice and venturi meters. 3.1.2. Theory When a fluid flows along a pipe‚ friction between the fluid and the pipe wall causes a loss of energy. This energy loss shows itself as a progressive fall in pressure along the pipe and varies with the rate of the flow. The head loss due
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different devices that can be used in a piping system is necessary for the choice of the appropriate devices to be used in future experiments. In the second part of the experiment‚ we observe how the flow rate of a fluid changes with respect to the head of the pump. The graph plotted in called a Pump Characteristic Curve. In this experiment‚ the performance curve deviated from the
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tapping at the throat of the venturi is 150 mm above the pressure tapping at the inlet of the venturi. The volumetric flow rate through the venturi is 40 l/s. (i) Assuming that the coefficient of discharge of the venturi is 1.00 (neglecting frictional losses)‚ calculate the pressure difference between the inlet and the throat of the venturi. [40%] A vertical U tube mercury manometer is connected to the pressure tappings at the inlet and the throat of the venturi. The tubes above the mercury are full of
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a. Pressure Head pressure head [′presh·ər ‚hed] (fluid mechanics) Also known as head. The height of a column of fluid necessary to develop a specific pressure. The pressure of water at a given point in a pipe arising from the pressure in it. b. Total Discharge Head Total discharge head refers to the actual physical difference in height between the liquid level in the pit and the highest point of the discharge pipe or water level in the outlet. c. NPSH Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH). The measurement
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drain from a certain height in a tank through an exit pipe under the influence of gravity. The time it takes to completely drain the tank from one point to another is mostly dependent on the exit pipe’s height and the inner diameter. Other factors such as frictional forces‚ pressure and velocity may also contribute to the efflux time. The first objective in this experiment is to determine efflux times of water with different varieties of pipes. These efflux times will be compared
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ABSTRACT The aim of this experiment is to study the friction loss along a pipe. In this experiment‚ water and mercury have been used to demonstrate the law of resistance with different types of flow which are laminar and turbulent flow. The variation of head loss will be obtained and hence determined the Reynold numbers and friction factor. In the end of the experiment‚ the law of resistance which is the relationship between i and u will be determined and hence established the critical R and friction
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desirable that one-third of the fire fighting requirements form part of the service storage. 3 Bulk ‚ Industrial and other Demands MLD 10% of Total Demand As per the TWAD Board Norms. 4.2 WATER LOSSES IN THE SYSTEM As per CPHEEO 15% of the losses in the distribution system shall be considered as UFW losses. The same will be considered during demand assessment. 4.3 DEMAND ESTIMATION The demand assessment as calculated Madurai Corporation for various horizon years has been worked out and presented
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applying Newton’s second law to a fluid element along a streamline and demonstrate its use in a variety of applications. We continue with the development of the energy equation in a form suitable for use in fluid mechanics and introduce the concept of head loss. Finally‚ we apply the energy equation to various engineering systems. T 12 CONTENTS 12–1 Mechanical Energy and Efficiency 520 12–2 The Bernoulli Equation 525 12–3 Applications of the Bernoulli Equation 534 12–4 Energy Analysis of
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Developed Turbulent Flow Smooth Pipe Law Rough Pipe Law Different Workers Results Application Energy/ pressure loss problem Velocity/ flow rate problem Pipe Sizing Problem • Explicit Equation for Friction Factor CN2122 / CN2122E Main Topics • • • Equivalent Diameter for Non- Circular Conduit Pressure Drop due to Fittings Loss of Head at Abrupt Enlargement Exit Loss Loss of Head at abrupt Contraction Entry Loss Combinations of Pipes CN2122 / CN2122E 11.0
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