CRITICAL THINKING PSU LOGICAL FALLACIES Ad hominem or ATTACKING THE PERSON. Attacking the arguer rather than his/her argument. Example: John’s objections to capital punishment carry no weight since he is a convicted felon. Note: Saying something negative about someone is not automatically ad hominem. If a person (politician for example) is the issue‚ then it is not a fallacy to criticize him/her. Ad ignorantium or APPEAL TO IGNORANCE. Arguing on the basis of what is not known and cannot be
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BEL313 – Introduction to Critical Thinking Logical Fallacy What is Fallacy??? Explain Please!!! Example Please!!! Fallacy = mistake in reasoning What is Fallacy? Fallacious Argument = Argument that contains a mistake in reasoning What is fallacious argument? Two types of fallacy are: Two types of fallacy? Valid Argument: Fallacious Argument: Fallacy of Relevance: arguments in which the premises are logically P1: Joe has two brothers P1: Joe has two sisters
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Fallacy Summary and Application: Three Fallacies and Organizational Examples The concept of critical thinking can be a difficult task. The process involves analyzing an argument and determining whether it ’s fallacious or not. An argument is fallacious when there is an error in its reasoning. Bassham‚ Irwin‚ Nardone and Wallace (2002) suggest there are two types of fallacies: (1) fallacies of relevance and (2) fallacies of insufficient evidence. This case study will analyze three fallacies
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| | | | Fallacy Assignment The article that I chose for my fallacy assignment is: “Arrest Everybody” by Jacob Sullivan. This article is an editorial article discussing Arizona’s immigration reform law. The article is addressing the specific law that requires police to investigate the immigration status of people they encounter during their daily police duties. Sullivan is arguing that Arizona’s new law is encouraging police to imitate or emulate other officers
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3. Consider the following generalizations: “For all these noble reasons and more‚ sloppy people never get neat” (para. 4) and “The only thing messy in a neat person’s house is the trash can” (para. 8). How can you tell that these statements are generalizations? Look for other generalizations in the essay. What is the effect of using so many? 4. Other methods. Although filled with generalizations‚ Britt’s essay does not lack for examples (Chap. 3). Study the examples in paragraph 11 and explain
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whole heartedly feel I have worked very hard for you and your company from the very beginning of our business relationship. We have never missed an event and if ever there was a mistake on our part we fixed it right away. When you had an urgent need Hasty Awards did everything in our power to help. Currently the account is past due $8250 and‚ the last update I received from Paula‚ was there has been no communication from you or anyone at The Biggest Loser Run Walk. At the end of last season your
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Types of Fallacy 1) Fallacy of Accident/ Fallacy of Sweeping Generalization - occurs when one reason with the generalization as if it has no exceptions. Examples: 1) Cutting people with a knife is a crime Surgeons cut people with knives Therefore‚ surgeons are criminals. 2) Birds can fly Penguins are birds Therefore‚ penguins can fly 3) Speeding up above 50 kph is a crime. Therefore‚ ambulance drivers are criminals. 2) Fallacy of Converse Accident - occurs when
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Generalizing “All generalizations are bad including this one.” Said a wise man called Mark Twain. That quote has become so ignored‚ but so fundamental to this new generation. Now in the news we hear more common reports about racism‚ sexism‚ homophobes and many worse ways people generalize. These are some ways the world fights with generalizing‚ but I’m going to focus on a very more personal‚ constant‚ fight I have with generalization. I have been under the constant attack of generalization in the sense
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Stimulus generalization gradient for subjects that were trained to identify the target length which is of 75 as the dimension of length and were tested in the presence of the other dimensions of length. fig.2. Effect of intradimensional discrimination training on stimulus control. Subjects received discrimination training in which the S- was 85 as the dimension of length‚ keeping the S+ 75 as the dimension of length. 2 . In Figure 1‚ it shows the comparison of the stimulus generalization gradients
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Case One: The Dental Care Aisle of Confusion Page C-15 1. The strategic benefits of stimulus generalization outweigh its disadvantages in strategic marketing. In my opinion‚ the stimulus generalization comes with the open economy that the US offers. Being that we are not limited to just one brand of merchandise‚ the only disadvantage I can really see is the frustration that may come from having to choose. If a consumer is for some reason unpleased with their chosen version of a product‚ more than
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