gives it a chemical property that is called water hardness. Water that is hard has a very high concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+‚ as well as other dissolved cations and anions. Likewise‚ water that has a very low concentration of these ions is said to be soft. The hardness of water can be measured as concentrations in molarity (M)‚ parts per million (ppm) which is also equal to mg/L‚ and grains per gallon. The accepted ranges of water hardness is as follows: Soft water - less than 17mg/l Slightly
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illustrate how the hardenability of these types of steels vary and why. This will be done by using the Jominy end quench test on each of the test pieces and then testing the hardness of the particular steel from the quenched end‚ to the end of the test piece. Taking these different points will enable me to find out how the hardness varies throughout the test piece considering the cooling rate of the metal and thus illustrate the hardenability of the steel. I will also analyse how adding different alloying
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Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Mike Monaghan CHM 152LL 01/27/2013 Abstract: What can be found from this experiment is as follows‚ Introduction/Background: This lab was about determining water hardness. Water hardness is the amount of metal ions in the water. The most common found ion in the water is calcium ions and typically with a charge of +2. Water hardness plays a big significance in our daily life because to many metal ions in our drinking water can have adverse
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This page intentionally left blank Copyright © 2008‚ New Age International (P) Ltd.‚ Publishers Published by New Age International (P) Ltd.‚ Publishers All rights reserved. No part of this ebook may be reproduced in any form‚ by photostat‚ microfilm‚ xerography‚ or any other means‚ or incorporated into any information retrieval system‚ electronic or mechanical‚ without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2652-6
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Introduction: Water hardness is defined as a measure of the amount of calcium and magnesium salts dissolved in water4. Hard water is water that contains large amounts of dissolved calcium and magnesium cations‚ and soft water is water that little or none of the cations10. The hardness of water is important because it affects numerous aspects of our life. Water hardness has an effect on the way water tastes‚ it creates problems with plumbing and industries‚ and the water hardness has an effect on cleaning/washing10
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Molarity and write its formula? 11. Define Normality and write its formula? 12. Write any two indicators which are used in Acid-Base titrations? 13. What is complexometric titration? Give an example. 14. Which indicator is used in the estimation of hardness of
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Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Chris Breault 2/4/2013 Abstract: Unknown sample #94 was titrated using disodium EDTA to standardize‚ and Erichorchrome Black T as the indicator. Sample 94 was found to have an average water hardness of 268.2 ppm. Introduction The experiment uses disodium salt of EDTA to determine the concentration of metal ion impurities in hard water by complexometric titration. Water gathers impurities by dissolving salts in the earth. The amount of impurities
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during heat treatments. Abstract In this experiment‚ we observed how the properties of plain carbon steel vary with the heat treatment condition. We prepared six different samples in three different heat treatment configurations and performed hardness tests on them by using the Rockwell tester and observed the microscopic using optical microscope. Based on the optical microscope observation‚ we found that the crack is appeared at the tempering stage‚ because the grain size is larger compared at
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knowledge of casting ball proportion‚ size‚ materials and hardness can help to improve work efficiency. For grinding steel ball is the main grinding medium in ball mill equipment. The larger proportion and bigger size the ball has‚ the stronger the impact is. The better wear resistance and higher hardness of steel ball‚ the stronger grinding ability the ball has. Large proportion and large size steel balls should be added to grind high hardness and dense structure mines. To effectively grind the small
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CO2(g) + H2O(l) + MgCO3(s) Boiling the water causes the precipitation of solid calcium carbonate or solid magnesium carbonate. This removes the calcium ions or magnesium ions from the water and so removes the hardness. Therefore‚ hardness due to Hydrogen Carbonates is said to be temporary. Calcium sulphate is slightly soluble in water when a river flows over Gypsum; it dissolves some of the rock. Therefore calcium gets into the water. How hard and soft water react with
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