amounts which are set aside out of the profits for a specific purpose e.g. provisions for bad debts‚ doubtful debts or depreciation‚ etc. These provisions are made in view of some expected events. Any expected loss in the future relating to the current accounting period must be charged (i.e. debited) to the profit and loss account of the current period. Similarly‚ any expected gain in the future relating to the current year must be credited to the profit and loss account of the current year. N
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PLATE MARGINS (TRANSFORM FAULTS): When two plates slide past each other they create a conservative plate margin. The relative movement is horizontal‚ and classified as either sinistral (moving to the left) or dextral (moving to the right). Along these margins crust (lithosphere) is not being destroyed by subduction‚ neither is it being created. There is no melting of rock‚ and‚ therefore‚ no volcanic activity or formation of new crust. Despite the absence of volcanic activity‚ these margins are tectonically
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(a) Analyse the methods by which Gross Domestic Product (GDP) may be measured. (10 marks) In order to effectively analyse the ways in which GDP is measured and why this is‚ we must first identify what GDP is. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the total value of output in an economy and is used to measure change in economic activity. GDP includes the output of foreign owned businesses that are located in a country following foreign direct investment. For example‚ the output produced at the Nissan
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Annex Initial margin and haircut Calculating a margin call 2.1 where the collateral is subject to an initial margin 2.2 where the collateral is subject to a haircut What transactions are included in the calculation of Net Exposure? 3.1 general rule 3.2 forward repos What price is used to value collateral? How often should Net Exposure be calculated and margin called? Margin thresholds and minimum transfer amounts What is the deadline for making a margin call? Where margin is given in the
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A01- Profit and Loss A profit and loss account is something businesses use to show them their revenue‚ costs and profits for that certain year‚ therefore showing the total amount of profit that the business has made that year‚ it is extremely important for the business‚ in particular for the accounts department who will refer to the profit and loss account a lot. This is because it clearly lays out what the business has spent‚ and what the business has brought in‚ it is easy for the business
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Women on the Margins written by Natalie Zemon Davis is a book that surrounds three women. This book is concentrated on three women Glikl bas Judah Leib was a wife of a Jewish merchant‚ Marie Guyart who was the co-founder of one of the first of many Catholic school for Amerindian women in North America‚ and last but not least Maria Sibylla Merian‚ who was a German artist and a naturalist when practicing her art she would go by an alias. All three of these women have a few things in common such as
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net profit by 2015. The goal can be reached ONLY by changing and adapting the menu to a vegetarian one. Some loyal customers will be lost‚ because the veal cutlet sandwich will basically disappear from the menu by 2015. Nevertheless contribution margin is increased by giving advantage to products that have more contribution margin per limited resource. Analysis shows that vegetarian sandwiches are the future key success factors for the restaurants. Livoria cannot reach the 1.1M in net profit unless
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CHAPTER 1 – COST VOLUME PROFIT- MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. CVP analysis can be used to study the effect of: A. changes in selling prices on a company ’s profitability. B. changes in variable costs on a company ’s profitability. C. changes in fixed costs on a company ’s profitability. D. changes in product sales mix on a company ’s profitability. E. All of these. 2. The break-even point is that level of activity where: A. total revenue equals total cost. B. variable cost equals fixed cost. C
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Profit Determination Prepared by John Hoggett and Clare Innes Measurement of Profit • Cash basis • Cash income received - Cash expenses paid – Revenues recorded when received – Expenses recorded when paid • Accrual basis • Profit = Income (incl. Revenues) - Expenses – Revenue is recognised when the anticipated inflow of economic benefit can be reliably measured – Expenses when the consumption of benefits can be reliably measured 2 Adjusting Entries • The need for adjusting entries-
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Profit and loss accounts‚ balance sheets Profit and loss accounts‚ balance sheets Two of the most important financial statements for a business are the Profit and Loss Account‚ and the Balance Sheet. The Profit and Loss Account shows the profit or loss of a business over a given period of time e.g. 3 months‚ 1 year‚ etc. In contrast‚ the Balance Sheet is like a photograph taken at an instant in time giving a picture of what the business owns and what the business owes at that moment in time
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