1. INTRODUCTION Oligopolies have been around ever since there is trade. However‚ it has only recently gained grounds in this age of globalisation. Never before has oligopolistic competition been so fiercely contested across so many industries. The media industry in the United States of America (US) is one such industry. As a powerful communication tool‚ the media has attracted many companies but only a handful has grown big. These media giants have dominated the local market and are currently seeking
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Cartel Theory of Oligopoly A cartel is defined as a group of firms that gets together to make output and price decisions. The conditions that give rise to an oligopolistic market are also conducive to the formation of a cartel; in particular‚ cartels tend to arise in markets where there are few firms and each firm has a significant share of the market. In the U.S.‚ cartels are illegal; however‚ internationally‚ there are no restrictions on cartel formation. The organization of petroleum-exporting
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tructureResearch on Graphs in Data Structure Source: http://www.algolist.net/Algorithms/Graph/Undirected/Depth-first_search Introduction to graphs Graphs are widely-used structure in computer science and different computer applications. We don’t say data structurehere and see the difference. Graphs mean to store and analyze metadata‚ the connections‚ which present in data. For instance‚ consider cities in your country. Road network‚ which connects them‚ can be represented as a graph and then analyzed
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Introduction in Graph Theory (BASIC CONCEPTS) BASIC CONCEPTS We used decision trees in Unit DT and used them to study decision making. However‚ we did not look at their structure as trees. In fact‚ we didn’t even define a tree precisely. What is a tree? It is a particular type of graph‚ which brings us to the subject of this unit. What is a Graph? There are various types of graphs‚ each with its own definition. Unfortunately‚ some people apply the term “graph” rather loosely‚ so
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monopoly routes‚ the reminder routes are predominantly served by just two airlines because of economic attractiveness of that route‚ (Burghouwt and de Wit‚ 2015). However‚ the airline industry is inherently oligopolistic. For simplicity purposes‚ oligopolies are often studied by analyzing duopolies because they offer better tractability of what strategies airlines follow and their interactions. In the model
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DESCRIBING GRAPHS AND CHARTS The function of a line graph is to describe a TREND pictorially. You therefore should try and describe the trend in it. If there are many lines in the graph(s)‚ then just generally describe the trend. If there is only one or two‚ then use more detail. So‚ describe the movement of the line(s) of the graph giving numerical detail at the important points of the line. To describe the movement‚ there is some language which will always be useful. Below is a list of language
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Graphs - Introduction Terminology Graph ADT Data Structures Reading: 12.1-12.2 COSC 2011‚ Summer 2004 Definition • A graph is a pair (V‚ E)‚ where – V is a set of nodes‚ called vertices – E is a collection of pairs of vertices‚ called edges • Both are objects (i.e. store data) G E B F A Vertex city computer web page airport C D COSC 2011‚ Summer 2004 H Edge road cable hyperlink flight Example Applications • • • • • Electronic circuits – Printed circuit board – Integrated circuit Transportation
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Economic Analysis of an oligopoly market structure Supermarkets brew up a crate full of profits 1. Introduction 1a Article Summary Woolworths and Coles continue to extend their dominance in the grocery market and more recently petrol. This has been extended and they are now looking to expand their hold on the Australian market by moving into the liquor industry. Julian Lee (2008) highlights Coles and Woolworths move into the industry‚ by trying to build on their previous acquisitions of liquor
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Graphs‚ Groups and Surfaces 1 Introduction In this paper‚ we will discuss the interactions among graphs‚ groups and surfaces. For any given graph‚ we know that there is an automorphism group associated with it. On the other hand‚ for any group‚ we could associate with it a graph representation‚ namely a Cayley graph of presentations of the group. We will first describe such a correspondence. Also‚ a graph is always embeddable in some surface. So we will then focus on properties of graphs
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1.2 Basics of Functions and Their Graphs Introduction to Relations Domain and Range of a Relation Any set of ordered pairs (x‚y) is called a relation in x and y. Furthermore‚ The set of first components in the ordered pairs is called the domain of the relation. The set of second components in the ordered pairs is called the range of the relation. Definition of Function and Vertical Line Test Definition of a Function Given a relation in x and y‚ we say “y is a function of x” if for every
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