Chapter 4 TEST OF GRAMMAR AND USAGE Most common types of objective tests 1. Multiple choice items 2. error – recognition 3. rearrangement items 4. completion items 5. transformation items 6. items involving the changing of words 7. ‘ broken sentence’ items 8. pairing and matching items 9. combination items 10. additional items The goal: testing ability to recognize and produce the correct forms of language ( rather than the ability to use L in actual and purposeful tasks of communication)
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language and its grammar were developed in the linguistics of the 20th century after the publication of the works by Beaudoin de Courtenay and Ferdinand de Saussure (they demonstrated the difference between lingual synchrony and diachrony). The 1st characteristic feature of Grammar is its abstract character (it abstracts itself from particular & concrete and builds its rules & laws‚ taking into consideration only common features of groups and words). The 2nd characteristic feature of Grammar is stability
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Teaching Grammar Goals and Techniques for Teaching Grammar The goal of grammar instruction is to enable students to carry out their communication purposes. This goal has three implications: * Students need overt instruction that connects grammar points with larger communication contexts. * Students do not need to master every aspect of each grammar point‚ only those that are relevant to the immediate communication task. * Error correction is not always the instructor ’s first responsibility
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the Different Approaches in the Teaching of Grammar In response to my selected articles on approaches in the teaching of grammar which are entitle: 1. Inductive approach and Deductive approach in TESOL and 2. Testing the Covert Method of Grammar Teaching: A Pilot Study I would like to highlight few things which I considered very crucial for me as a future English teacher to put into my consideration so that I will be able to carry out effective grammar teaching in my classroom. The aspects that
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Learning to write essay is harder or learning grammar Learning grammar is harder than writing an essay in English. You have to put a lot of time and effort in‚ that you can write a good passage without any grammar mistakes. You can not learn grammar in one or two years‚ because grammar is very difficult in English. The ways that you can improve your grammar are writing and reading more. However‚ learning to write an essay is not an easy thing to learn too. You also need to put a lot of effect
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GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD Mostly known as ‘The Classical Method’‚ Grammar Translation Method is not based on the fact that of communication‚ but teaching. C. Orrieux refers that GTM is for Latin and Ancient Greek are known as “dead languages”. He adds that “it is for the kinds of grammar training that led to the “mental dexterity” considered so important in any higher education study stream.” The aim of teaching these languages is not make the learners speak communicatively. However‚ its fundamental
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S991026&S981037 Christie& Flora Compare Grammar Translation and Direct Method Grammar Translation Direct Method Comparison Teaching/learni 1. Teachers point out the grammar rules such 1. Teachers give students some 1. In Grammar Translation‚ ng process as S. O. Adv. V. Students remember the sentences which have the same teachers use deductive ways to rules and use them to realize some similar grammar rules. help students remember rules. sentence. Students
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E C T U R E 3 Context-Free Grammars 1 Where are Context-Free Grammars (CFGs) Used? CFGs are a more powerful formalism than regular expressions. They are more powerful in the sense that whatever can be expressed using regular expressions can be expressed using grammars (short for context-free grammars here)‚ but they can also express languages that do not have regular expressions. An example of such a language is the set of well-matched parenthesis. Grammars are used to express syntactic rules
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ransposition of lexico-grammatical classes of nouns. Stylistic function of articles‚ genitive case‚ plural number. Stylistic functions of different grammatical categories in different parts of speech. 1) Stylistic transposition of pronouns. 2) Adjectives‚ stylistic function of degrees of comparison. 3) Stylistic functions of verbal categories. 4) Stylistic functions of adverbs. Style is less investigated on the morphological level than on any other one because very many scholars hold
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IT and AN Determiners of Waray and the Application of Role and Reference Grammar Submitted by: Kristel Doone Q. Pedroza 2007-34870 Submitted to: Prof. Louward Zubiri In Partial Fulfillment of the requirement in Linguistics 140 Second Semester AY 2010-2011 Department of Linguistics University of the Philippines Diliman March 31‚2011 INTRODUCTION This study explores the functions of the two determiners of Waray‚ namely ‘IT’ and ‘AN’. While it is observed in Tagalog that the
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