February 2011 Vol 55 Chief Editor : Neeta Prasad Joint Director (Prod) : J.K. Chandra Editor : Manogyan R. Pal Cover Design : Manjula Das E-mail (Editorial) : editoryojana@hotmail.com : yojanace@gmail.com (Circulation) : pdjucir_ jcm@yahoo.co.in Website : www.yojana.gov.in Let noble thoughts come to us from every side Rig Veda CONTENTS Grassroots Level Democracy in India : An Assessment...........................................................................5 Mathew
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D4 H and E staining procedures Haematoxylin and eosin staining is a technique used by pathologists to add definition to nuclei and other parts of a cell in tissue samples under a microscope so that they can see it better when analysing the cells form and abnormalities. The H&E technique is the most commonly used in histology and the diagnoses of malignancies is based largely on the results of this procedure. The dyes will specifically stain elements of a cell or tissue because the dyes have a high
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Sampling of Gram-Positive Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Resting We thought it would be interesting to find out the different bacteria that grow on things we use on a daily basis and the level of antibiotic resistance that those bacteria have. We chose to swab the toilet seat in the MATC women’s bathroom and the ATM machine in the commons area on campus. We were certain the ATM would be dirtier than the toilet seat since the bathrooms get cleaned every day. The first step we took in testing
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techniques. Here they are; Simple staining: Only one type of dye used for simple staining and it stains all cells the same color. Creating contrast between cell and background to observe cell morphology is aimed. Differential staining: A differential stain uses more than one dye and stains different kinds of organism with different colors. Positive staining: If cell itself is stained it is called positive staining. It sticks with specimen and gives its color. Negative staining: If background is stained
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Endospore and Capsule Cell Staining Allison Lui Partner: Mary Chagin BIOL-235 W07 Dr. Runco 2/10/15 Introduction The purpose of this lab is to learn what endospore and capsules are‚ and how to identify them under a microscope using capsule and endospore staining methods. Capsules are found only in select bacteria‚ and serve a protective purpose. Made out of sugars and proteins‚ they are antiphagocytic‚ which prevents other cells to engulf the bacteria through phagocytosis. It
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The methylene blue staining procedure is used to measure yeast viability based on the assumption that the methylene blue will enter the cells and be broken down by living yeast cells that produce the enzymes which breaks down methylene blue‚ leaving the cells colourless. The non- viable cells do not produce this enzyme (or enzymes) and as such the methylene blue that enters the cells are undegraded causing the cells to remain coloured (the oxidized form concentrates intracellularly). The coloured
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PRELIMINERIES Due to highly development of chemical and biochemical industries‚ acetic acid has largely produced to fulfil the needs of world demand in production of daily used products and for pharmaceutical needs. Therefore‚ this study is carried out to introduce the production of acetic acid using biological pathways which includes the used of microorganisms. In this chapter will briefly explained on the knowledge about acetic acid and the microorganism
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Ever get "subject/verb agreement" as an error on a paper? This handout will help you understand this common grammar problem. Making Subjects and Verbs Agree 1. When the subject of a sentence is composed of two or more nouns or pronouns connected by and‚ use a plural verb. She and her friends are at the fair. 2. When two or more singular nouns or pronouns are connected by or or nor‚ use a singular verb. The book or the pen is in the drawer. 3. When a compound subject contains both a singular
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culture‚ I immediately made a streak plate and started the Gram Stain protocol1. In the first two slides‚ I made and stained‚ my results were ambiguous. Without putting the slide into the microscope‚ I noticed one was pink and the other purple. To resolve it‚ I discarded my slides and started again and was extremely careful in proceeding the Gram Stain. I concluded that my unknown A was gram-negative bacilli. Using the dichotomous key for gram-negative bacilli I started the protocol for the lactose
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Heat resistance of endospores of Bacillus pumilus Abstract Spore suspension of Bacillus pumilus was inoculated into universal bottles containing sterile distilled water in water baths at temperatures of 85°C‚ 90°C and 95°C. At specific time intervals‚ a sample was removed and spread on nutrient agar plates. The number of colonies formed was used to determine the D-value and z-value. The D-value for 85°C is 64.1 minutes‚ 25.7 minutes for 90°C and 8.2 minutes for 95°C while the z-value is 11
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