In Putnam’s paper Meaning and Reference‚ his infamous ‘Twin Earth’ example is designed to refute the idea that “meaning is in the head”. In his Twin Earth example‚ Putnam describes ‘Twin Earth’ as a place that is essentially a duplicate of earth. Everything on this Twin Earth is the same‚ except for the molecular structure of its water. Instead of its water having a chemical structure that consists of H2O‚ its chemical structure is XYZ. Although it does contain the same superficial characteristics
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Significance of the Enlightenment in the development of the scientific method of inquiry The Enlightenment‚ Siècle des Lumières in French‚ usually referred to a series of ideology and culture movements during 1750s-1850s. There were many spheres of knowledge contained in these movements‚ such as: natural science‚ philosophy‚ ethics‚ politics‚ economics‚ literature and education. However‚ the Enlightenment did not originate from France; it was the extension of the Renaissance in Italy in the 14th
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Meeting #1 Brad A-G 2013 Questions to be answered: • What‚ for Frege‚ is a thought? • Can we define truth‚ according to Frege? If so‚ what’s the definition? If not‚ why not? Frege’s The Thought: A Logical Inquiry Question: Is Frege concerned with the act of thinking or the thing thought? Old view (pt. of “Modern Semantic Tradition” (roughly 17th – 19th century‚ before Frege and Russell) The meaning of an expression is constituted by ideas‚ images or impressions that are in the
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Spinoza argues a more monistic deity similar to that of the Hindu tradition. The most significant difference however‚ lies within the basis and structure of each argument itself. Considered from an analytical standpoint through the lens of Gotlobb Frege‚ Descartes’ proof of God possesses both sense and reference and is therefore capable of expressing the truth. Spinoza’s argument however‚ employs sense alone‚ thus rendering it neither true nor false but quite literally meaningless. A detailed analysis
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Somebody who studies mathematical logic and gives his or her own concepts about it is called a logician. Some well known logicians include Boole and Frege. They were trying to give a definite form to what formal deduction really was. Aristotle had already done such a thing but he had done it with language‚ Boole wanted to do it with only Symbols. Frege came up with "Predicate Calculus". As time went on people did not make new theories as much as they used to in the time of Aristotle. They mostly concentrated
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philosophers do not make a distinction between logic and semantics. In this context‚ semantics is concerned with such issues as meaning and truth‚ meaning and thought‚ and the relation between signs and what they mean. The leading practitioners have been Gottlob Frege‚ Lady Welby‚ Bertrand Russell‚ Otto Neurath‚ RudolfCarnap‚ Alonzo Church‚ Alfred Tarski‚ C. I. Lewis‚ Ludwig Wittgenstein‚ J. L. Austin‚ W. V. Quine‚ P. F. Strawson‚ Steven Schiffer‚ John Searle‚ H. P. Grice‚ Saul Kripke‚ Donald Davidson‚ and Gilbert
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values‚ perception‚ and matters of taste and sentiment. • Logic deals with patterns of thinking that lead from true premises to true conclusions‚ originally developed in Ancient Greece. Beginning in the late 19th century‚ mathematicians such as Frege focused on a mathematical treatment of logic‚ and today the subject of logic has two broad divisions: mathematical logic (formal symbolic logic) and what is now called philosophical logic. • Philosophy of mind deals with the nature of the mind
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influential friend to Charles Darwin. William Whewell – coined the word “Uniformitarianism”. HISTORY The earlier conceptions likely had little influence on 18th century European geological explanations for the formation of the Earth. Abraham Gottlob Werner proposed Neptunism where strata were deposits from shrinking seas precipitated onto primordial rocks such as granite. In 1785 James Hutton proposed an opposing‚ self-maintaining infinite cycle based on natural history and not on the Biblical
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Reasoning What is reasoning ? It is also a kind of thinking but different from it‚ in the sense there is checking and re - checking of the conclusion arrived at based on certain facts so reasoning is defined as ’’ a process of arriving at a new judgement on the basis of one or more judgement‚’’ Reasoning is the mental activity used in and argument‚ proof‚ or demonstration‚ reasoning is generally associated with rules and methods and formal laws of logic but many people reason and argue without
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Before I give Fregean analysis to given sentences‚ there are a few terms that I have to clarify in the concept‚ which are ’name’‚ ’sense’‚ ’Bedeutung’‚ and ’idea’. According to Frege‚ ’names’ are lingual expressions that designate certain objects or concepts in the real word. Frege calls these objects or concepts ’Bedeutung’‚ which means ’reference’ in german. For example‚ Leonardo Dicaprio is a ’name’‚ a lingual expression. The actual Leonardo Dicaprio himself‚ the man which
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