Chapter 12 Gene Expression at the Molecular Level 1. Bread mold can grow in a minimal medium without supplements (wild type) while certain mutated strains (mutants) can only grow in a minimal medium that is supplemented with specific intermediates found in the following metabolic pathway for arginine synthesis: minimal ------> ornithine -------> citrulline ------> arginine‚ where enzyme 1 converts the precursor to ornithine‚ enzyme 2 converts ornithine to citrulline‚ and enzyme 3 converts citrulline
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and function are of the following cellular structures and organelles: plasma membrane‚ nucleus‚ ribosomes‚ ER (rough and smooth)‚ Golgi‚ lysosomes‚ mitochondria‚ and chloroplasts. Be able to identify each of these organelles in photographs or drawings of cells. Understand that the pathway for the flow of materials to the cell surface is from ER to the Golgi‚ to Golgi vesicles‚ to the plasma membrane Know that cell shape and cellular movements are mediated by the cytoskeleton‚ which is composed
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kingdoms of organisms in the world. They grow in several habitats (in soil‚ in water‚ in the Earth’s crust‚ etc.). The second kind of cell is the eukaryotic cell. These cells contain a nucleus as well as nucleus bond organelles (for example; Golgi apparatus‚ mitochondria‚ chloroplasts‚ etc.). Eukaryotes cells exists in four kingdoms; fungi‚ protists‚ animals and plants. Funguses are decomposers and are vital for cycling nutrients in the environment. Animals and plants differ in cell
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synthesis endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)-largest amount of membrane; RER-studded with ribosomes; synthesis of membrane bound and exported proteins; SER-synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones; calcium signaling; detoxification reactions Golgi apparatus-series of membrane stacks; processing and sorting of proteins to cellular compartments including export Lysosomes-single membrane; interior is pH 5; cellular digestion: autophagy Peroxisomes-small and spherical; long chain fatty acid oxidation;
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cytoplasm. 4. Protoplasm consists of a plasma membrane and nucleus. 5. The nucleus consists of chromosomes and a nucleolus. 6. Organelles that are found in the cytoplasm of a cell include the nucleus‚ vacuole‚ endoplasmic reticulum‚ mitochondria and Golgi apparatus. 7. The vacuole of a plant cell is enclosed by the tonoplast. 8. Human cheek cells and epidermal cells of onions do not have chloroplasts. 9. Epidermal cells of onions have big vacuoles. 10. Cells wall and plasma membranes are fully permeable
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Bio 8.23.10 Chapter 1 Intro: The study of Life Properties of Life 1. Precise organization (Order) 2. Ability to take in energy and use it. (Energy utilization) 3. Ability to respond to stimuli ( Response to the environment) 4. Capacity for growth and development 5. Ability to reproduce 6. Ability to regulate internal environment (Homeostasis) 7. Ability to evolve ( Evolutionary adaptation) 8. Living organisms are cell based‚ made of one or more cells 9. Life
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Biology Unit 1 – Section 3.1.1 Microorganisms as Pathogens To be considered a pathogen it must: Gain entry Colonise the tissues Resist the defences Cause damage to the tissues Pathogens include bacteria‚ viruses and fungi How do microorganisms enter the body Many pathogens enter through the gas exchange system (including ones that cause flu and TB) Food and water can carry pathogens into the stomach and intestines via the mouth and into the digestive system (including
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1994 AP Biology SECTION I Time – 1 hour and 30 minutes Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by five suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and then fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. 1. Which of the following is the most abundant carbon-containing compound in the atmosphere of the Earth? (A) Carbon monoxide (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Carbon tetrachloride (D) Ethane (E) Ozone 2. During hibernation
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description • Year and semester of study • Title of lab report • Lecturer’s name Example: Your lab report should contain the following sections: • Title • Objective • Apparatus‚ materials and methods (if your assignment is submitted online‚ this step may be omitted) • Observations and/or results with • Discussion • Conclusion • References The following guidelines on report writing are those
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Salters Nuffield Advanced Biology AS Revision summary Unit 1 Topic 1: Lifestyle‚ health and risk Topic 2: Genes and health Unit 2 Topic 3: Topic 4: SNAB Biology AS Revision Summary Understanding the specification The following summary tries to explain what is meant by the specification statements for the SNAB AS course. SNAB includes a lot of material because it helps you to understand ideas or because it is interesting‚ but it can be a little confusing when it comes to knowing what to
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