(Anaerobic Glycolysis) and Aerobic Energy System (Oxygen System). ATP is when an enzyme splits one of the three phosphate molecules from Adenosine Triphosphate and this releases large amounts of energy that the muscle fibres use to create movement‚ this turns ATP into Adenosine di-phosphate (ADP)‚ However‚ only a small amount of ATP is stored within the muscles cells‚ about 10-15 seconds and takes 2-3 minutes to fully replenish. When ATP is depleted the body turn to anaerobic Glycolysis for energy
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AP Biology Cellular Respiration – Part 1 (Associated Learning Objectives: 1.15‚ 1.16‚ 2.2‚ 2.4‚ 2.5‚ 2.13‚ 2.14‚ 2.22‚ 4.1‚ 4.4‚ 4.17) Important Content from previous topics: 1) The electron transport chain is a series of redox reactions‚ occurring on a membrane‚ intended to create a concentration gradient and there in a source of potential energy. 2) Redox reactions are just the transferring of electrons from one molecule to another molecule. 3) Carbohydrates‚ sugar‚ are primary energy
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Reference Page Donald‚ Rizzo C. "Cellular Metabolism." Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology. 3rd ed. New York: Delmare‚ 2010. 64-70. Print. "The Guide: Glycolysis." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation‚ n.d. Web. 25 June 2012. <http://library.thinkquest.org/27819/ch4_4.shtml>. "Specialized Cell Structure and Function." : Cellular Respiration â FactMonster.com. 2000–2012 Pearson Education‚ Publishing as Fact Monster‚ n.d. Web. 25 June 2012. <http://www.factmonster.com/cig/biology/cellular-respiration
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GOALS: 1. Break bonds between the 6-carbon molecules of glucose – results in 6 CO2 molecules 2. Move hydrogen atom electrons from glucose to O2‚ forms 6 H2O molecules 3. Trap as much free energy released as possible in the form of ATP Stage 1: Glycolysis Cytoplasm‚ 10 reactions‚ anaerobic Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation Mitochondrial matrix‚ 1 step process Stage 3: The Krebs Cycle Mitochondrial matrix‚ 8 steps in a cycle Stage 4: Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis (Oxidative Phosphorylation)
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The Great Metabolic Race Metabolism comprises of a vital set of biochemical reactions that all living organisms require to sustain life. For a marathon runner‚ their physiological response to strenuous exercise depletes both their fats and carbohydrate storage in order to supply energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the energy form that the human body uses for biological processes such as movement and synthesis of biomacromolecules. In regards to running a marathon‚ the athlete
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Biochemistry Enzymology and Catalytic Mechanism & Carbohydrate Metabolism‚ Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Your Name Here WGU Abstract Many diseases and disorders are caused by defects in the molecular level of cells and not just having to do with nutrition or other extrinsic factors ‚in this report ‚we will specifically look at enzymes and their key role in energy production and the cycles and series of activities that make it possible for the human to function properly .
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BIO 2924 – Unit III Microbial Metabolism Chapter 8 and 9.3 I. Enzymes: - Chapter 8 A. Definition B. Characteristics C. Structure 1. Simple Enzymes 2. Conjugated Enzymes D. Nomenclature of Enzymes E. Classification of Enzymes F. Enzyme--Substrate Reactions G. Levels of Structure of Enzymes H. Conditions Affecting Enzyme Activity I. Location and Regularity of Enzyme Action 1. Exoenzymes 2. Endoenzymes 3. Constitutive Enzymes 4. Inducible Enzymes J. Regulation of Enzymatic Activity
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ABSTRACT The glycolysis pathway is nearly universal in biological systems. Glycolysis is the sequence of reactions that converts glucose to pyruvate with the concomitant formation of ATP. Three fates of this pyruvate produced exist. In this practical the production of pyruvate and acetaldehyde by fermentation of glucose is established. A series of test tubes was set up each containing glucose and yeast suspension in buffers at different pH values. These test tubes were incubated for an hour at 37℃
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synthesis ATP‚ begins with glycolysis‚ wherein a six-carbon glucose is broken down into two three-carbon molecules called pyruvate. This process requires the input of two ATPs to produce two pyruvates‚ two NADHs‚ and 4 ATPs. The NADHs are synthesised when NAD+‚ delivered by B vitamins‚ become bound to hydrogen and energised electrons1. Following glycolysis is the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain respectively. The Krebs cycle uses the two pyruvates produced in glycolysis to make 2 ATPs per glucose
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Pentose Phosphate Pathway (S. 70) Alternative pathway for glucose oxidation. Similar to glycolysis‚ but instead of having pyruvate as the end product it is diverted to other pathways. Supplier of energy to the cell in the form of NADPH (a reducing power for biosynthesis). It is also referred to as hexose monophosphate shunt. *Fate of glucose 6-phosphate (G 6-P) IN THE PPP (S. 71) Taken out from glycolysis and converted into Ribulose 5-phosphate. With the conversion of ribulose 5-phosphate 2 moles
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