Once alpha cells detect a drop in blood sugar levels‚ they release the hormone glucagon. Glucagon promotes the breakdown of glycogen in the liver‚ converting glycogen into glucose‚ which is then released into the blood. In this way‚ glucose levels in the blood begin to rise. Effector cells (hepatocytes)‚ after being stimulated by glucagon‚ begin to break down the glycogen stored in them into glucose and release the glucose into the blood. In addition‚ muscle tissue and fat tissue are also affected
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absorbed in the blood it travels liver where the glucose is being absorbed and being converted into glycogen. When there is a hypoglycemia in the body the alpha cells in the body which is found in the pancreatic islet is being trigger to the alpha cells to secrete glucagon on liver cells (Tortora et al.‚ 2014 p644)‚ the glucagon works primarily on the liver cells which converts the stored glycogen into glucose and distribute into the blood and promote gluconeogenesis where there is a formation of
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itself. Examples of negative feedback: (1) when blood pressure rises‚ the heart slows down; (2) when glucose levels in the blood are too high‚ the pancreas secretes insulin to stimulate the absorption of glucose and the conversion of glucose into glycogen. In positive feedback‚ the body reacts to a change from the normal state by causing an even greater change. Examples of positive feedback: (1) when constrictions in the uterus push a baby into the birth canal‚ contractions in the uterus increase;
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there needs to be more synovial fluid in the joints to allow and assist this movement When we start to warm up: • The muscles need energy in the form of glycogen to make the sarcomeres contract. – So the heart (cardiac muscle) beats faster to provide the glycogen to the muscles via the blood. • The conversion of chemical energy (from the Glycogen) to movement (contraction of the
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1.1 Glutamine: muscle metabolism Skeletal muscle is the major tissue responsible for glutamine synthesis in the body [9‚10]. In this context‚ glutamine anabolic effects in the skeletal muscle not only preserve lean mass‚ but also maintain plasma glutamine concentration in the body. Glutamine provides energy substrate to cells with a high turnover‚ nucleic acid precursors to cells of the immune system and is involved in the maintenance of acid-base balance [9‚ 11‚ 12]. The key enzymes in the metabolism
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is primarily caused by destruction of pancreas which is responsible for producing insulin. However‚ in type 2 diabetes‚ insulin resistance is seen in the body‚ i.e.‚ enough insulin is produced by the body but its activity (conversion of glucose to glycogen) is blocked. Thus‚ the end result of both types of diabetes is similar: increase level of blood glucose. Also‚ the cellular mechanism through which type 2 diabetes occurs is poorly understood‚ this type is found among 85-90% of diabetic patients
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the two components of starch‚ making up approximately 20-30% of the structure. The other component is amylopectin‚ which makes up 70–80% of the structure. Amylase- an enzyme‚ found chiefly in saliva and pancreatic fluid‚ that converts starch and glycogen into simple sugars. Condensation- is water which collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it. Hydrolysis- the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. Monosaccharide- any of the class of sugars
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Lecture 2 Macromolecule components of cells I Chapter 5 Dr Ahmed Aldarmahi Assistant Professor College of Medicine – Jeddah Lecture Objectives • Distinguish between monosaccharides‚ disaccharides and polysaccharides. • Distinguish between saturated and unsaturated fats. • Describe phospholipids and steroids. Glossary • • • • • • • MonoDiPolyMacroPolymer Phospholipids Steroid Overview: The Molecules of Life • All living things are made up of four classes
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pancreas. If the blood glucose level falls to dangerous levels (as in very heavy exercise or lack of food for extended periods)‚ the pancreas releases glucagon‚ a hormone whose effects on liver cells act to increase blood glucose levels. They convert glycogen storage
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Viviana Veber Bio 1510 Sec 21 Carbohydrates Introduction: The objective of this experiment was to identify the reaction of carbohydrates in Benedict’s test‚ Barfoed’s test and Iodine test. Carbohydrates are essential to living organisms‚ and the principal role of carbohydrates is the production of energy. Carbohydrates are groups of sugars that contain carbon‚ oxygen‚ and hydrogen in a 1:2:1 ratio. Three main units of carbohydrates are monosaccharides‚ disaccharides‚ and polysaccharides
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