paper.edu.cn MINI-REVIEW Yin Li . Gongyuan Wei . Jian Chen Glutathione: a review on biotechnological production Received: 1 June 2004 / Revised: 16 August 2004 / Accepted: 31 August 2004 / Published online: 12 October 2004 # Springer-Verlag 2004 Abstract This Mini-Review summarizes the historic developments and technological achievements in the biotechnological production of glutathione in the past 30 years. Glutathione is the most abundant non-protein thiol compound present in living
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1. Introduction Plumbago zeylanica L. belonging to the family Plumbaginaceae is an important plant of medicinal value. In the Arabian Peninsula‚ it is mainly distributed over Oman‚ Yemen and the Southwestern region of Saudi Arabia. The use of the roots of P. zeylanica for treating skin problems has been recorded by early Muslim physicians. P. zeylanica is greatly valued in Ayurveda for treatment of cough‚ asthma and gastrointestinal disorders. In Sushrutha Samhitha it has been described as antiseptic
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Foreign Literature Tobias Dick‚ researcher at the German Cancer Research Center‚ found that cells can produce their own anti-oxidants - glutathione - which fight off oxidants. According to Hagen‚ research on the natural processes of aging‚ and steps that could slow it or improve health until near the end of life‚ are of growing importance. Low glutathione levels‚ according to anti-aging research from the New England Journal of Medicine‚ can increase the risk of a heart attack. Dr. Eric Topol
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oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate while also reducing NADP+ to NADPH‚ which is a required cofactor in many biosynthetic reactions. NADPH maintains glutathione in its reduced form that serves as a forager for hazardous oxidative metabolites in cells. With the help of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase‚ reduced glutathione also converts dangerous hydrogen peroxide to H20. Erythrocytes depend on G6PD activity since it is their only source of NADPH. Consequently‚ people lacking G6PD
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Acetaminophen Toxicity 1. Drug metabolizing enzymes convert acetaminophen to a reactive metabolite that bound to proteins covalently 2. Glutathione detoxify the metabolite and form acetaminophen-glutathione conjugate at nontoxic dose. However‚ the metabolite depleted hepatic glutathione and covalently bound to protein at toxic dose. Since diethylmaleate depleted hepatic glutathione without
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Publication No. 11137 Enzyme Activity Guided Inquiry Lab Turnip Peroxidase Introduction Peroxidase enzymes are widely distributed in plants and animals‚ including bacteria‚ to protect cells against the effects of oxidative stress and cell damage due to hydrogen peroxide. Peroxidases are easily extracted from turnips and other root vegetables and provide a model enzyme for studying enzyme activity—how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction depends on biotic and abiotic factors. Enzyme activity
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with the reduction of fat metabolism. Capability of enhancing memory Total alkaloid extracts of Murrya koenigii leaves‚ in doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg p.o.‚ improves the values of protective antioxidants like catalase‚ glutathione peroxidase‚ glutathione reductase‚ reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase in brain homogenates. An increase in the acetylcholine levels and decrease in anticholinesterase activity has also been noticed. Thus‚ these properties play a beneficial role in protection against
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How taking extra Vitamin C lightens skin |In healthy adults‚ Vitamin C raises glutathione levels in the red blood cells and lymphocytes | |Glutathione helps determine the balance of light and dark pigments (pheomelanin and eumelanin) in our skin. L-cysteine and | |the TYRP1 enzyme also play a part in this balance | |Taking high doses of Vitamin C (1‚000 – 3‚000 mgs) can help to lighten skin
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9. Summary and Conclusion ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬ 9.1 Herbal drugs are economical and their sources are plenty in India. As many synthetic show adverse effects. Attention of the healthcare practioners is directed towards herbal formulations to treat diseases with safety‚ effectiveness and stability. Majority of Indian population have the access to practice traditional or herbal medicines. Acacia catechu Willd. (family: Fabaceae) known as Black Cutch is used in traditional medical system for various diseases
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effect on aflatoxin accumulation. (2010). Oxidative stress and aging: is methylglyoxal the hidden enemy? Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology‚ 88‚ 3‚ 273-284‚ ISSN 1205-7541 Dixit‚ P.‚ Mukherjee‚ P.K.‚ Ramachandran‚ V. & Eapen‚ S. (2011). Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its Eltayeb‚ A.E.‚ Kawano‚ N.‚ Badawi‚ G.‚ Kaminaka‚ H.‚ Sanekata‚ T. & Morishima‚ I. (2006). S. & Tanaka‚ K. (2007). Overexpression of monodehydroascorbate reductase
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