▪Secondary glomerular diseases that can have systemic effects include lupus erymatosus‚ Goodpasture’s syndrome (caused by antibodies to the glomerular basement membrane)‚ diabetic glomerulosclerosis and amyloidosis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY ▪Kidneys are reduced to as little as one-fifth their normal size (consisting largely of fibrous
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V. Anatomy and Physiology The Urinary Tract The Urinary System rids the body of nitrogenous wastes while regulating water‚ electrolyte‚ and acid-base balance of the blood. Kidneys Kidneys are small‚ dark red organs with a kidney-bean shape lie against the dorsal body wall in a retroperineal position (beneath the parietal peritoneum) in the superior lumbar region. The kidneys extend from T12 to the L3 vertebra; thus they receive some protection from the lower part of the rib cage. Because
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* Question 1 1 out of 1 points | | | During times of decreased cardiac output‚ the glomerular filtration rate is also decreased.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | * Question 2 0 out of 1 points | | | The kidney synthesizes _________‚ which stimulates bone marrow production of red blood cells.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | erythropoitein | Correct Answer: | erythropoietin | | | | | * Question 3
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Case Study: Urinary‚ Fluid & Electrolyte balance The cardiovascular system and the urinary system are intimately entwined. When the cardiovascular system experiences stress‚ the urinary system can be directly impacted. For example in hemorrhagic shock‚ when the body is rapidly depleted of circulating blood volume‚ the kidneys are often one of the first vital organs affected due to lack of perfusion. The kidneys are dependent on the sufficient cardiac output that the heart delivers. So when the
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formed elements like blood cells and platlets are too big to be pressure filtered and remain in the arteriole. 3.Efferent Arteriole * smaller in diameter than the afferent arteriole and increases the pressure in the glomerulus aiding pressure filtration. * The blood entering the efferent arteriole is thicker‚ as plasma has entered the tubule‚ but still contains oxygen that is moved on to the peritubular network to provide for the metabolic needs of the tubule. 4.Bowman’s Capsule The plasma
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covered by this chapter was the excretion of wastes by the Renal system. The first step that occurs in the kidney deals with the nephron‚ which is the functional unit of the kidney. In the glomerulus the formation of urine begins with the passive filtration of plasma through the pores that are found in the glomerulus. The plasma is forced through these pores by hydrostatic pressure. The only things that determines if a molecule will pass through the pores of the glomerulus is it’s molecular weight
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changes in homeostasis of acid and base. Other issues that can arise related to increased removal of fluid volumes include low blood pressure‚ cramping as well as muscle spasms. During dialysis‚ there is a high posibility of damage to the normal net filtration pressure due to increased membrane permeability and this as well leads to homeostatic imbalance. Dialysis causes biochemical and toxic effects as a result of hemolysis and this may destroy red blood cells. Other homeostatic imbalances include thrombosis
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its vascular and tubular components‚ the nephron performs three basic functions in order to carry out its regulatory role in the kidney: glomerular filtration‚ tubular reabsorption‚ and tubular secretion. In the initial phase of urine creation‚ otherwise known as glomerular filtration‚ roughly 20% of plasma from the afferent arteriole flows through the glomerular capillaries and into the Bowman’s capsule. As this newly formed filtrate travels through the nephron‚ it is subject to proximal and distal
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muscle mass.The experiment utilized serum creatinine.Creatinine is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys (glomerular filtration). There is little tubular reabsorption of creatinine. If the filtering of the kidney is deficient‚ creatinine blood levels rise. Therefore‚ creatinine levels in blood and urine may be used to calculate the creatinine clearance which reflects the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).The GFR is clinically important because it is a measurement of renal function .A more complete
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Urinary Analysis Urinary Analysis 2013 Kita Jones A&P 314-01 4/26/2013 2013 Kita Jones A&P 314-01 4/26/2013 Abstract: The purpose is to demonstrate the role of the kidneys in the homeostatic control of extracellular fluid volume‚ plasma ionic concentrations‚ and osmolality. Three treatment groups were utilized: a Gatorade group‚ salt-loaded (access to 0.9 g/l00 ml NaCl) group‚ and a group who only had water. In this experiment the class was able to observe and analyze the changes
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