into the renal tubules. 10. How is cranberry or blueberry juice thought to control and prevent UTIs? It reduces the bacterial adhesion epithelial of the urinary tract 11. Describe glomerulonephritis. Inflammation involving the glomerular structures. Can lead to kidney failure. Some include bacterial infections and immune diseases. 12. What does glomerulonephritis result from? An immune response 13. Describe acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. It is an Increase
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Formation FILTRATION - plasma filtered from glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule * Blood pressure forces filtrate through filtration slits between podocytes of Bowman’s capsules. * Approx 20% of blood plasma is non-selective filtered into capsule * What does this? * Renal Corpuscle * Glomerulus – capillaries! Blood supply is from the afferent arteriole. Water and solutes are filtered out from the blood into Bowman’s capsule. * Bowman’s capsule – Glomerular capsule
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Very small molecules like water‚ electrolytes‚ glucose‚ fatty acids‚ amino acids‚ nitrogenous wastes‚ and vitamins can pass through the filtration membrane into the Bowman’s capsule. These substances have about the same concentration in the glomerular filtrate as in the blood plasma. Some substances do not pass through the membrane which makes them to be retained in the bloodstream because they are bound to plasma proteins. For example‚ most
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Excretion • Removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body Nitrogenous wastes • Ammonia o Most toxic o Needs more water for getting excreted o Diffuses across general body surfaces o Examples of organisms excreting ammonia: fishes‚ aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects o Such organisms are called ammonotelic. • Urea o Less toxic o Requires less water for excretion o Terrestrial adaptation for conservation of water o Ammonia Urea o Examples of organisms excreting urea: terrestrial amphibians
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different parts of a nephron. Nephron: It is the functional part of the kidney‚ encharged of filtration of blood and eliminates the nitrogenous waste of our bodies. The nephron consists of: functional units; two parts: renal corpuscle (with a two-layerd glomerular capsule that encloses it. They are separated by filtrate collecting capsular space) & renal tubule (Duct that leads away from the glomerular capsule and ends at the tip of the medullary pyramid). The renal tubule
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compensatory mechanisms would come into play as the kidney would read this situation as low arterial pressure? Hint: What mechanisms come into play when the BP is low? 5 pts. 2. You read about glomerulonephritis in this lab. You know that the glomerular capillaries are damaged or destroyed in this disease. How would this type of damage contribute to the development of hypertension in the patient? 5 pts. Glomerulonephritis can lead to nephritic syndrome‚ where you lose large amounts of protein
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Serum creatinine is an important marker of renal health as it is an easily measured byproduct of muscle metabolism that is excreted unchanged by the kidneys. Creatinine itself is produced by a biological system include creatine‚ phosphocreatine or creatine phosphate‚ and adenosine triphosphate “ATP”. Creatine is formed mainly in the liver from the methylation of glycocyamine by S-adenosyl methionine. It is then carried through blood to the other organs‚ muscle‚ and brain‚ where‚ through phosphorylation
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factors might be kidney stones and fluid balance. D. What are the three physiological processes involved in urine production? The 3 physiological steps are glomerular filtration‚ selective re-absorption‚ and tubular secretion. The glomerular filtration occurs in the glomerulus under hydrostatic pressure and is a passive form of filtration. It removes all the high molecular weight materials. Selective re-absorption occurs in the Loop of Henle. It is an active process in which ions and other essential
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is 5.4 mEq/L‚ calcium is 6.8 mg/dL‚ phosphate is 4.3 mEq/L‚ urea is 37 mg/dL‚ creatinine 2.0 mg/dL‚ albumin is 2.9 mg/dL‚ and pH is 7.29. With labs like these‚ more testing was done. A chemistry panel which showed protein 1.7 gm/24 hours‚ glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 ml/minute‚ and his urine sediment showed presence of gram negative bacilli‚ presence of white blood cells‚ presence of red blood cells‚ and granular and waxy casts. Mr. Newman had a genetic screening that showed a mutation
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Fatima Khan Q: WHAT IS THE CLINICAL IMPORTANCE OF URIC ACID AND CREATININE? ANSWER: URIC ACID Uric acid is a weak organic acid‚ the end product of purine nucleotides degradation. The findings of human pathological levels of uric acid in serum and urine have in most patients serious clinical implications. Uric acid is a useful diagnostic tool as screening for most of purine metabolic disorders. The importance of uric acid measurement in plasma and urine with respect of metabolic disorders is
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