strategic actions and is based on the following four assumptions: The external Environment The general‚ industry‚ and competitive environments impose pressures and constraints on firms and determines strategies that will result in superior returns. (External Environment à Organization) Most firms competing in an industry or an industry segment control similar sets of strategically-relevant resources and thus pursue similar strategies. Resources used to implement strategies are highly
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1. Referring to Exhibit 1‚ compute the annual percentage change in net income per common share-diluted for 1998–1999‚ 1999–2000‚ and 2000–2001. (Year 1998) 3‚180 x .24 = 763.20 763.20-1‚017.42/763.20=.33 or 33% increase (Year 1999) 3‚282 x .31 = 1‚017.42 Year 1998–1999 = 33% increase 1‚017.42-1‚858.45/1‚017.42=.82 or 82% increase (Year 2000) 3‚379 x .55 = 1‚858.45 Year 1999–2000 = 82% increase 1‚858.45- 922.59/1‚858.45= -.50 or 50% decrease (Year 2001) 3‚417 x .27 =
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any of the values 1-12 the bet is won and the return is $3.00. If the ball lands on any of the other values the bet is lost. a.) Compute the expected value of this game. (4 points) X 2 -1 P(x) 12/38 26/38 X*P(x) .631 -.684 -.053 The expected value is -.053. b.) Interpret this expected value. (4 points) This means that the casino wins 5.3 cents per game or the players lose 5.3 cents per game. c.) What is the average return to the casino from 1‚000‚000 such bets? (4 points)
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ch10 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. The capital gains yield plus the dividend yield on a security is called the: A. geometric return. B. average period return. C. current yield. D. total return. 2. The expected return on a security in the market context is: A. a negative function of execs security risk. B. a positive function of the beta. C. a negative function of the beta. D. a positive function of the excess security risk
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Risk and Return: Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models Portfolio Theory Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Efficient frontier Capital Market Line (CML) Security Market Line (SML) Beta calculation Arbitrage pricing theory Fama-French 3-factor model Portfolio Theory • Suppose Asset A has an expected return of 10 percent and a standard deviation of 20 percent. Asset B has an expected return of 16 percent and a standard deviation of 40 percent. If the correlation between A and B is 0.6
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an investor. b. the expected return on a risky asset. c. the expected return on a collection of risky assets. d. the variance of returns for a risky asset. e. the standard deviation of returns for a collection of risky assets. PORTFOLIO WEIGHTS 2. The percentage of a portfolio’s total value invested in a particular asset is called that asset’s: a. portfolio return. b. portfolio weight. c. portfolio risk. d. rate of return. e. investment value.
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The SAS System 21:44 Wednesday‚ November 26‚ 2014 Obs date refd_1st_lag refd_1st_diff refd_1st_diff_1st_lag refd_1st_diff_2nd_lag 1 30MAR1990 . . . . 2 29JUN1990 . . . . 3 28SEP1990 . . . . 4 31DEC1990 -0.19835 0.42248 . . 5 29MAR1991 0.22413 -0.16683 0.42248 . 6 28JUN1991 0.05730 -0.20439 -0.16683 0.42248 7 30SEP1991 -0.14709 0.20291 -0.20439 -0.16683 8 31DEC1991 0.05581 -0.02545 0.20291 -0.20439 9 31MAR1992 0.03037 -0.13786 -0.02545 0
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Standard deviation can be difficult to interpret as a single number on its own. Basically‚ a small standard deviation means that the values in a statistical data set are close to the mean of the data set‚ on average‚ and a large standard deviation means that the values in the data set are farther away from the mean‚ on average. The standard deviation measures how concentrated the data are around the mean; the more concentrated‚ the smaller the standard deviation. A small standard deviation can
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Returns 1 RETURNS Prices and returns Let Pt be the price of an asset at time t. Assuming no dividends the net return is Pt Pt − Pt−1 −1= Rt = Pt−1 Pt−1 The simple gross return is Pt = 1 + Rt Pt−1 Returns 2 Example: If Pt−1 = 2 and Pt = 2.1 then 2.1 Pt 1 + Rt = = = 1.05 and Rt = 0.05 Pt−1 2 Returns 3 The gross return over k periods (t − k to t) is 1 + Rt (k) := Pt−1 Pt−k+1 Pt Pt ··· = Pt−k Pt−1 Pt−2 Pt−k = (1 + Rt ) · · · (1 + Rt−k+1 ) Returns are • scale-free‚ meaning that they do not depend
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I ’ll be honest. Standard deviation is a more difficult concept than the others we ’ve covered. And unless you are writing for a specialized‚ professional audience‚ you ’ll probably never use the words "standard deviation" in a story. But that doesn ’t mean you should ignore this concept. The standard deviation is kind of the "mean of the mean‚" and often can help you find the story behind the data. To understand this concept‚ it can help to learn about what statisticians call normal distribution
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