Disease-causing agents‚ also known as pathogens‚ are viruses or bacteria that enter the body and cause an array of symptoms. Giardia lamblia‚ for example‚ derives from human feces and causes a parasitic disease known as Giardiasis. Although it is a global disease‚ it is most common in developing countries where “nearly 33% of people [in these regions] have had [Giardiasis]” (Parasites - Giardia). These countries possess inadequate sewage treatment‚ water scarcity‚ and overpopulation‚ which all contribute to
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Banana Peels Get a Second Life as Water Purifier Mar. 10‚ 2011 — To the surprisingly inventive uses for banana peels -- which include polishing silverware‚ leather shoes‚ and the leaves of house plants -- scientists have added purification of drinking water contaminated with potentially toxic metals. Their report‚ which concludes that minced banana peel performs better than an array of other purification materials‚ appears in ACS’s journal Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. Gustavo
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Causative agent: Staphylococcal Most common cause of food poisoning Mode of transmission Common vehicle is Custard pastries‚ Processed ham and milk Eggs FUNGI Fungal cell Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot) PROTOZOA Flagellates (e.g.‚ Giardia lamblia) Giardia lives inside the intestines of infected humans or other animals. Individuals become infected through ingesting or coming into contact with contaminated food‚ soil‚ or water. VIRUS PARASITES Flatworms: they have no body cavity‚ and no
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It is no secret that bottled water costs more than tap water‚ but is it reasonable to state it costs 1‚000 times more? It is very difficult to give an exact number for the difference between the two‚ but 1‚000 to 2‚000 times more is a reasonable estimate. This is based on the fact that on average‚ a gallon of bottled water costs $1.22. Protesters against bottled water industries use the highest prices of water bottles they can find as a way to show a bigger contrast between the two‚ essentially
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name of the bacteria‚ virus‚ or parasite. Giardia is protozoan and also flagellated. Flagellated means using appendages in a whip-like movement to propel. Giardia attaches to the host through the lining of the upper intestines. Once it attaches itself‚ it begins to feed and reproduce causing the giardiasis to commence. Giardia reproduces by dividing itself‚ which defines it as a trophozoite. This process of division is known as binary fission. Because Giardia reproduces asexually‚ a single parasite
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Food Borne Illness: Giardia When generally thinking of parasites and food-borne illnesses‚ we tend to think about the poorest and dirtiest places on Earth. In Reality‚ parasites can be found almost anywhere on this planet. One type of common food-borne illness is a giardia infection. This infection is in the intestine and caused by microscopic giardia parasites. If given the opportunity this vicious creature will infect anybody regardless of sex‚ age‚ living conditions‚ and body types. Surprisingly
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SECTION ONE INTRODUCTION AND NOTIFICATION 1. INTRODUCTION AND NOTIFICATION 1.0 INTRODUCTION The guidance is divided into sections as follows: Section 1 Introduces infection control and explains notification; Section 2 deals with general infection control procedures; Section 3 gives guidance on the management of outbreaks; Section 4 describes specific infectious diseases; Section 5 contact numbers and sources of information; Section
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How water is purified in water treatment plants Pre-treatment 1. Pumping and containment – The majority of water must be pumped from its source or directed into pipes or holding tanks. To avoid adding contaminants to the water‚ this physical infrastructure must be made from appropriate materials and constructed so that accidental contamination does not occur. 2. Screening (see also screen filter) – The first step in purifying surface water is to remove large debris such as sticks‚ leaves
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UV achieves 1-log reduction of Giardia lamblia at an intensity of 80-120 mWs/cm2‚ and 4-log reduction of viruses at an intensity of 90-140 mWs/cm2. Only recently has the scientific community begun to accept UV as a highly effective tool for Cryptosporidium control. UV light disinfection does
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Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals‚ biological contaminants‚ suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water)‚ but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes‚ including meeting the requirements of medical‚ pharmacological‚ chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such
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