The chain of events that occurred in the spring of 1989 was in part due to the death of Hu Yaobang; Hu was transformed into a martyr for the cause of political liberalization. On the day of his funeral‚ tens of thousands of students gathered in Tiananmen Square demanding democratic and other reforms. For the next several weeks‚ we would see the beginning of students joined by a wide variety of individuals‚ crowded into central Beijing to protest for greater democracy and call for the resignations
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This article was downloaded by: [New York University] On: 07 May 2013‚ At: 23:28 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House‚ 37-41 Mortimer Street‚ London W1T 3JH‚ UK Journal of Contemporary China Publication details‚ including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cjcc20 May 4th and June 4th compared: A sociological study of Chinese social movements Zhidong Hao
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The Chinese Communist Party (The CCP) History The Communist Chinese Party (CCP) was founded in 1921 by Mao Zedong‚ who adapted the principles of Karl Marx and the experience in Russia to conditions particular to China. Mao had come of age during the “first revolution” in China in 1912‚ an era in which the Nationalist (KMT) party unseated the 3‚000 year rule of the Qing Dynasty and formed the Republic of China under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen. Mao quickly became disillusioned with the
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problem is complicated by the fact that both sides are usually able to argue that the other side started the violence. Gandhi started this nonviolent approach in India‚ Martin Luther King learned from Gandhi’s tactics and used them in the 1950’s‚ and in 1989 the students in Tiananmen Square used the same approach. All of these people had success to some extent. Non-violent resistance strategies‚ such as those pioneered by Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King are designed to avoid this trap by absolutely
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Passive Resistance: Nonviolence Mahatma Gandhi‚ the originator of “Practice of Passive Resistance”‚ or “Soul-force”‚ used nonviolence to solve problems. He believed that the practice of Satyagraha can use love to forget and forgive. The pain of suffering was not the true problem when it came to fighting for justice. Similarly‚ with the idea of suffering for one’s desire of freedom‚ the people of Republic of China also used hunger strike and nonviolence for the Tiananmen Square protest to present
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Was there a massacre in Tiananmen Square? On June 4‚ 1989‚ a large group of students gathered in Tiananmen Square to protest for their right to freedom of speech and democracy. In retaliation‚ the Chinese government sent martial law to control them. A riot between the troops and the protestors was broadcast across the world and called the ‘Tiananmen Square Massacre’. The Chinese government denies this to be true and calls the event the ‘Tiananmen Square Incident’. BBC footage‚ witness accounts
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The reactions to the ‘Tiananmen Square Massacre’ from the ‘Chinese Communist Party’ were driven by a need to maintain total control of China. As Michael Lynch states in the supporting quotation‚ they were willing to curtail the political freedoms of the public to do so. Most modern historians‚ including Lynch and Zhang Liang believe the immediate reactions of the C.C.P. were motivated by China’s political leaders who wanted a “violent end to the affair.” The long-term reactions from the C.C.P
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The China Coin Suggested answers Suggested answers to research activity Source 1 Biography: Wild Swans by Jung Chang‚ Flamingo Publishers‚ 1992‚ Chapter 7 Wild Swans is a personal account of three generations of women in China. In this chapter Jung Chang records the experience of her mother on the Long March across China to spread the ideas of the communist leader‚ Mao Zedong. After traveling from Jinzhou to Tianjin by train they had to continue their journey on foot. The route was fraught with
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Readers who are interested in China’s history Purpose: To entertain readers To raise questions about identity and our sense of belonging to a place / to people Context: The historical context of the novel concentrates on the student protests of 1989‚ particularly the occupation of Tiananmen Square in Beijing which led to the Tiananmen Square massacre. Content and its significance: Leah is the main character in the novel. Her mother was born in China and her father (who is now dead) was English
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providing billions in aid to help the citizens of the affected areas to recover and to rebuild. One estimate goes up to $50 billion dollars. This amount dwarfs the meager three billion dollars that California received after the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989. However‚ California is not complaining about the difference in treatments. On the contrary‚ Californians are opening up their homes to some Katrina victims and provide long-term shelter for them. The circumstances and needs are different. The
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