which the -entity operates -The purpose for which the entity was created -The manner in which the entity is constituted. Conceptual framework Problem -Lack of a general theory -Permissiveness of accounting practice -Inconsistency of practices Needs -2 or more methods of accounting are accepted for the same facts -Reserves are used to artificially smooth earnings fluctuations -Deferrals are followed by ‘big bath’ write offs A set of inter related concepts which will define the nature
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No.6 (Serial No.61) Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing‚ ISSN 1548-6583‚ USA Fair value accounting under financial crisis HE Cai-xia1‚ ZHANG Chi2 (1. School of Accounting‚ Zhongnan University of Economics and Law‚ Wuhan 430073‚ China; 2. School of Management‚ Huazhong University of Science and Technology‚ Wuhan 430073‚ China) Abstract: The recent financial crisis has led to a vigorous debate about the pros and cons of fair-value accounting (FVA). This debate presents a major challenge
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There are Five Basic Elements of Accounting and Financial Statements: |Assets |Economic resources owned by the company which are expected to provide future | | |benefits. Historically‚ assets have been accounted for at cost. However‚ current | | |accounting guidance is moving towards more fair value asset valuation models. | |
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Cost accounting Historical cost accounting has been a controversial method that experienced many criticisms over a period of time‚ especially since it considers the acquisition cost of an asset and does not recognize the current market value. Merits and demerits of this method are as follows. The most obvious advantage of HC accounting is objectivity. It is a predominantly objective system‚ which records the original cost of an item when it was purchased. Under historical cost accounting there
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2.1 Accounting standard-setters have an expectation that the readers of general purpose financial reports have a ‘reasonable knowledge’ of accounting. Specifically‚ the IASB Framework states that ‘users are expected to have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and a willingness to study the information with reasonable diligence’. Hence‚ there is an expectation that financial statements are not tailored to meet the needs of people who have not‚ in some way‚ studied
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Transition to the Accrual Accounting The transforming from cash basis accounting to accrued accounting are associated with several general issue which including factor influencing the nature and speed of the transition‚ options in respect of the transition paths‚ and the management of the transition process. The factors that may influence the nature and speed of the transition to accrual accounting which the system of government and the political environment are the major basic requirement. Beside
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CHAPTER 2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK UNDERLYING FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING IFRS questions are available at the end of this chapter. TRUe-FALSe—Conceptual Answer No. Description F 1. Nature of conceptual framework. T 2. Conceptual framework definition. F 3. Levels of conceptual framework. T 4 International conceptual framework. F 5. Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts. T 6. Decision usefulness.Objective of financial reporting. F 7. Financial statement users. T 8. Relevance and
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INTANGIBLE ASSET ACCOUNTING AND ACCOUNTING POLICY SELECTION IN THE FOOTBALL INDUSTRY by NICHOLAS ROWBOTTOM A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Commerce and Social Science of The University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of Accounting and Finance School of Business Faculty of Commerce and Social Science The University of Birmingham July 1998 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright
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and managerial accounting p.6).” These users may include managers‚ officers‚ internal auditors‚ consultants‚ budget directors and market researchers. Managerial accounting is used to make detailed decisions on how to improve a company’s outcome. “The external users are not directly involved in running the company these users include shareholders‚ lenders‚ directors‚ customers‚ suppliers‚ lawyers‚ brokers or the press (Financial and managerial accounting p.5).” Financial accounting is aimed for the
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Individual Assignment Learning outcome | Question | 1. Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of concepts‚ principles and techniques of accounting | Q1 (a‚ b & c) and Q2 | 2. Apply appropriate accounting and financial techniques in the preparation‚ interpretation and presentation of financial statements‚ | Q1 (a‚ b & c) | 3. Apply and evaluate financial techniques for management planning‚ decision making and control in the short‚ medium and long term. | Exam | QUESTION 1
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