diapause in silkworm‚ Bombyx mori as ‘a maternally inherited biological event under the control of sex-linked genes’. Sonobe and Odake (1986) have proposed two theories related to the diapause: (i) diapause is the phenomenon predetermined by the diapause factor during embryogenesis‚ and (ii) diapause is the process determined by the genetic factor during embryogenesis. Discovery of paternal genes taking over the developmental process of diapause-destined silkworm eggs (Rajendra Mundkur et al.‚ 2004)
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Chapter 12 Gene Expression at the Molecular Level 1. Bread mold can grow in a minimal medium without supplements (wild type) while certain mutated strains (mutants) can only grow in a minimal medium that is supplemented with specific intermediates found in the following metabolic pathway for arginine synthesis: minimal ------> ornithine -------> citrulline ------> arginine‚ where enzyme 1 converts the precursor to ornithine‚ enzyme 2 converts ornithine to citrulline‚ and enzyme 3 converts citrulline
Free DNA RNA Messenger RNA
McDonald‚ Richard Varhol‚ Steven J.M. Jones‚ and Marco A. Marra BioTechniques 45:81-94 (July 2008) doi 10.2144/000112900 Sequence-based methods for transcriptome characterization have typically relied on generation of either serial analysis of gene expression tags or expressed sequence tags. Although such approaches have the potential to enumerate transcripts by counting sequence tags derived from them‚ they typically do not robustly survey the majority of transcripts along their entire length. Here
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Ehux-217 share the same genome‚ but Ehux-1516 is non-calcifying and Ehux-217 is calcifying. Methylation may play a role in the different phenotypes and gene expressions of the two strains. The aim of this research is to analyze the differentially methylation regions (DMR) between the two strains and identify potential links to the expressions of genes related to calcification. Marine algae are the oldest members of the plant kingdom. Unlike plants‚ they do not have real roots‚ stems‚ leaves‚ and flowers
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they escaped notice until relatively recently‚ miRNAs comprise one of the more abundant classes of gene regulatory molecules in multicellular organisms and likely influence the output of many protein-coding genes. In an investigation inspiring for both its perseverance and its scientific insight‚ Victor Ambros and colleagues‚ Rosalind Lee and Rhonda Feinbaum‚ discovered that lin-4‚ a gene known to control the timing of C. elegans larval development‚ does not code for a protein but instead
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the SensiMix‚ the Mastermix also contained a forward and reverse primer which serve as starting point for DNA synthesis. The used primers were designed using PrimerBank‚ a public resource for PCR primers‚ by first searching for a NCBI Gene ID and filling in this Gene ID number (http://pga.mgh.harvard.edu/primerbank/). Requirements of appropriate primers and the sequences of the used primers can be found in Appendix 2.6. The Mastermix was added to all 20x diluted samples and one standard curve in a
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Concepts – Chapter 10 Hershey and Chase experiments (10.1) Hershey and Change mixed radioactively labeled phages with bacteria‚ they agitated the cultures in a blender to separate the phages outside of the bacteria‚ they centrifuged the mixture so that the bacteria formed a pellet‚ and finally‚ they measured the radioactivity in the pellet and liquid Phage replication (10.1) A phage attaches itself to a bacteria cell‚ the phage injects its DNA into the bacterium‚ the phage DNA
Free DNA RNA Gene expression
conserved RNA stem-loop structures located in the 5 - or 3 -untranslated regions of genes involved in iron metabolism (e.g. FTH1‚ FTL‚ and TFRC). To identify novel IRE-containing mRNAs‚ we integrated biochemical‚ biocomputational‚ and microarray-based experimental approaches. IRP/ IRE messenger ribonucleoproteins were immunoselected‚ and their mRNA composition was analyzed using an IronChip microarray enriched for genes predicted computationally to contain IRE-like motifs. Among different candidates
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of the WSSV VP28 gene‚ and in the second method‚ pellet feed was coated with VP28dsRNA–chitosan complex nanoparticles. The treated shrimp were orally challenged with WSSV by feeding WSSV-infected tissue. The experiment was conducted for 30 days. The dsRNA-treated shrimp challenged with WSSV showed higher survival compared to control shrimp. Sixtyeight percent survival was observed in shrimp fed with feed coated with inactivated bacteria containing dsRNA of the WSSV VP28 gene whereas 37% survival
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Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others‚ where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue‚ a given hormone may have different effects. Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized
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