mitosis but some definite differences in meiosis that result in genetic diversity in the gametes as well as the offspring formed by the eventual fusion of the egg and sperm. Two of the most noted differences in meiosis are that 1) there are two complete divisions resulting in four daughter cells and‚ 2) meiosis has crossing over‚ an even that occurs in Prophase I that increases genetic variation in the gametes. Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes. These are the pairs of chromosomes
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Prokaryotic cells vs. Eukaryotic cells Two Fundamentally Different Classes of Cells charcteristic Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells word origins pro=before karyon=kernel or nucleus eu=true karyon=kernel or nucleus Domains of Bacteria 1. archaea or archaebacteria‚ more ancient in soil and water also in hostile environments‚ many without oxygen high salt/brine methanogens halophiles thermoacidophiles hot acidic springs 2. bacteria or eubacteria‚ more
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“two alleles for each trait separate (segregate) during gamete formation‚ and then unite at random‚ one from each parent‚ at fertilization. This is deemed the law of segregation. To go along with this general rule of thumb‚ Mendel also considered the potential for shuffling of genes during di-hybrid crosses. When there are two individual genes in play‚ their inheritance pattern act completely independent from one another. Thus‚ “during gamete formation‚ different pairs of alleles segregate independently
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them have heteromorphic alternation of generation that means the two generations gametophytes and sporophytes are morphologically as well as cytologically different. in bryophytes gametophyte generation is more prominent in which male and female gametes fuse to each other to form zygote which develops into well protected embryo‚ while in tracheophytes‚ sporophytes generation is more dominant and gametophyte generation is very small and
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principle of segregation and the principle of independent assortment. The principle of segregation is where two members of a gene pair segregate from one another in formation of gametes. The principle of independent assortment is where genes for different traits assort independently of each other in the formation of gametes. DNA Structure and
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which a severe drop in population size can leave some alleles overrepresented in survivors and others underrepresented. In contrast‚ gene flow is the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals on their gametes. Unlike the random favoring of traits that comes about through genetic drift‚ gene flow can transfer alleles that improve the ability of populations to adapt to local conditions‚ ultimately becoming a mechanism of natural selection. Adhering to the
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AP Biology Summer Summaries There are many differences between proximate and evolutionary causes and explanations on why we are such easy targets for diseases. The proximate explanations are described by its anatomy‚ physiology‚ and biochemistry. Evolutionary explanations go into detail on what would happen if we didn’t have the genes that cause us to get sick. Proximate causes look for what genes it is made up of and how it works. Evolutionary causes are why natural selection hasn’t eliminated
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Sex cells‚ also known as gametes‚ are the sperm in males and the ova in females. 2. Meiosis is the process of cell division through which gametes are formed. It halves the number of chromosomes so each gamete contains 23. 3. In meiosis‚ the chromosomes pair up and exchange segments in a process called crossing over‚ so that genes from one are replaced by genes from another. Then chance determines which member of each pair will gather with others and end up in the same gamete. 4. Meiosis leads to variability
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Animal Behaviour “Discuss the factors that influence when and where an animal mates and how it selects a sexual partner” Contents * Introduction Page 3 * The Timing of Reproduction Page 4 * Migration Page 7 * Navigation Page 8 * The Diversity of Animal Migration Page 10 * The Migratory Journeys of Fish‚ Amphibians and Reptiles Page 12 * Types of Reproduction Page 14 * Mate Choice Page 16 * Sexual Selection Page
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1. Determine the types of gametes produced by each of the following individuals: a. Aa 1/2 A‚ 1/2 a b. AaBb 1/4 AB‚ 1/4 Ab‚ 1/4 aB‚ 1/4 ab c. AABb 1/2 AB‚ 1/ Ab d. AaBBCc 1/4 ABC‚ 1/4 aBC‚ 1/4 ABc‚ 1/4 aBc 2. Use the Punnett square to determine the genotypes in the progeny of each of the following crosses: a. Dd x Dd b. AaBB x AaBB c. CcEE x CCEe Notice: in every case‚ each parent produces only two types of gametes. [pic] 3. In guinea
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