world has and how it works. A process that is familiar is called pollination. Meaning pollen is transferred in plants; it enables fertilization and sexual reproduction (Russel et al‚ 2010). Pollen grains contain the male sperm‚ which are known as the gametes (sperm) to where the female gamest are carried in the carpel‚ which in this case the gymnosperms directly apply the pollen to the ovule itself (Russel et al‚ 2010). Pollination is a very important step in the history of reproduction of flowering plants
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Nondisjunction occurs when either homologues fail to separate during anaphase I of meiosis‚ or sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase II. The result is that one gamete has 2 copies of one chromosome and the other has no copy of that chromosome. (The other chromosomes are distributed normally.) If either of these gametes unites with another during fertilization‚ the result is aneuploidy (abnormal chromosome number) • A trisomic cell has one extra chromosome (2n +1) = example: trisomy
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Consider the following double-stranded DNA sequence: 5’-CAG AAG AAA ATT AAC ATG TAA-3’ 3’-GTC TTC TTT TAA TTG TAC ATT-5’ If the bottom strand serves as the template‚ what is the mRNA sequence produced by transcription of this DNA sequence and Why? 5’-CAG AAG AAA AUU AAC AUG UAA-3’ mRNA sequence 3’-GTC TTC TTT TAA TTG TAC ATT-5’ DNA template strand We get the mRNA sequence due the transcription process‚ which gives us the RNA bases that are complementary to the DNA template
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Cheat Sheet for Test 3 What is stress? Any force that pushes the body out of optimum homeostatic conditions Stressors include Digesting food‚ exercising‚ waking after a long sleep Walking outdoors after being indoors Impending happy event such as a wedding or party‚ falling in love Arguments ‚ over work‚ exams The General Adaptation Syndrome is A predictable set of behavioral
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View Attempt 3 of 4 Title: Quiz 2 Started: April 19‚ 2009 10:20 PM Submitted: April 19‚ 2009 10:25 PM Time spent: 00:04:03 Total score: 30/30 = 100% Total score adjusted by 0.0 Maximum possible score: 30 1. What term describes a harmless noncancerous or precancerous tumor? Student Response Value A. malignant B. benign 100% C. metastatic D. lymphatic E. carcinogenic Score: 1/1 2. What is the name of the process by which cancer cells break off of tumors and spread to
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The Evolutionary Consequences of GMO Escape Hybridization between genetically modified plants and populations of crop plants is a major hazard to be avoided in conducting field trials of genetically modified plants. The reason to avoid this is that gene flow from the transgenic plants into the crop population results in the creation of unwanted and potentially devastating hybrids. This essay explores some of the mechanisms behind gene flow between species‚ and their evolutionary consequences
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What is crossing over‚ why is it important‚ and when does it occur? * Crossing Over: two chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of their genetic material * Importance: it creates vast numbers of possible combinations of alleles in the gametes * When: Meiosis prophase - 1 48. What are homologous chromosomes‚ when do they pair (synapse) and when are they separated? * A chromosome with the same gene sequence as another and pair up. They pair up in prophase-1 of meiosis. They separate
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gene loci in all individuals of the population 3. What is the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem and why does it appear to be an apparent contradiction to evolution? The theorem states that frequencies of alleles and genotypes will stay the same as long as the gametes are contributed to the next population at random. This appears to be a contradiction to evolution because it seems to say populations will never change. However‚ this condition only exists under certain conditions which do not apply to the majority
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Chromosomes Long and thin for replication and decoding Become short and fat prior mitosis → easier to separate due to compact form Meiosis (reduction division) During the production of sex cells (gametes) in animals In spore formation which precedes gamete production in plants Haploid gametes (sperm ovum) - sexual reproduction DNA in a cell replicates only once‚ but cell divides twice The Cell Cycle Interphase G1: Protein synthesis and growth (10 hours) Preparation for DNA replication
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Meghan Veach Bio. 101 Dr. Davis April 28‚ 2014 Chapter 18 - Evolution of Plants and Fungi Plants have been around for over 500 million years‚ the plants all differ so much but they also have many similarities among themselves and also to green algae. Some scholars even think that plants paved the way for land animals by simultaneously increasing the amount of oxygen in the Earth ’s atmosphere and decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide. Evolutionist believe that plants evolved from green
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