inherited traits * In animals and plants‚ reproductive cells called gametes are the vehicles that transmit genes from one generation to the next * A gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome is called the gene’s locus B. Comparison of Asexual and Sexual Reproduction * In asexual reproduction‚ a single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes * An individual that reproduces asexually gives rise to a clone
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ECO EVO Study Guide Major Themes: Darwin’s Postulate 1. Heritable variation – (genotype) models of 1-3 loci‚ usually 2 alleles‚ produce heritable phenotypes 2. Organisms engage in a struggle for existence – per capita growth rates from survival and reproduction 3. Heritable traits influence outcome of the struggle – variation affects the struggle; phenotypes (determined by genotypes) influence per capita growth rates 3 Big Questions Biologists seek to answer: 1. Diversity
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an animal cell in Telophase‚ and in Cytokinesis‚ the cytoplasm will divide‚ forming two new daughter cells. This process is differed slightly in plant cells. As somatic cells are identical to the parent cell‚ they are diploid (2n). In Meiosis‚ gametes are created. The parent cell with four chromatids will replicate and form four chromosomes pairs. In Meiosis I‚ these homologous chromosomes will pair up at the equator of the cell. This specifically happens in Prophase I. In Metaphase I‚ spindle
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are produced. Independent assortment is differences between the genes. Variation can occur in meiosis when the chromosomes cross over and during random fertilization. Random fertilization is when a gamete from the mother unites with the haploid from the father to produce a diploid zygote. The gamete from the
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which involves only one parent (does not involve gametes) b) sexual reproduction which involves two parents from the same species but with different sexes. Both gametes produce gametes for fertilisation Sexual reproduction involves the production and fusion of male and femele gametes. In human‚ male gametes called Sperms are produces in the male gomard (reproductive
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Life Cycle of Plasmodium vivax (Malarial Parasite) Systematie Position Kingdom : Protista Phylum : Protozoa Class : Sporozoa Genus : Plasmodium Species : vivax Habit s and habitat:- Plasmodium is an intracellular sporozoan parasite causing malaria in man. The parasite lives in the RBC’s and liver cells of man and alimentary canal and salivary glands of female Anopheles mosquito. Structure:- Structure of plasmodium is different stages of its
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The law of segregation states that when the gamete is being produced‚ each allele for each gene is carried on a single gamete so that the alleles for each gene have been segregated from one another. It is during fertilisation when the two gametes fuse that the pairing of the alleles occurs. The second law of independent assortment suggests that the genes for different characteristics are separated independently during the production of gametes. The third law of dominance says that alleles can
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meiosis increase genetic variation? Introduction Most cells in organisms that reproduce sexually are diploid. They have two sets of chromosomes and two complete sets of genes. Gametes are an exception. Gametes are the cells that combine during sexual reproduction. In animals‚ these cells are called sperm and eggs. Gametes are haploid cells with only one set of chromosomes. Meiosis is the process in which haploid cells form from diploid cells. In this lab‚ you will model the steps in meiosis. You
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Variation plays a vital role in human survival. Variation occurs in the process of meiosis. Meiosis is the process in which human sex cells‚ called gametes‚ are produced. Meiosis starts with a parent cell‚ called a diploid‚ replicating its DNA. After the DNA is replicated‚ the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell where each pair touches each other and genetic information from the alleles are shuffled and exchanged‚ a process called crossing-over. The crossing-over over of chromosomes results
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Mutation Variation of organisms occurs from linkages and crossing over. The Independent Assortment of Random Fusion of gametes also creates variation. Mutation will occur and new gametes or alter existing ones. What is mutation? Mutation is a permanent alteration of a genomic sequence. It may be divided into two categories: 1) Point/ Gene Mutation 2) Chromosomal Mutation Mutations may either be advantageous or disadvantageous and are not all inherently negative Point/ Gene Mutation
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