Automation in Construction 20 (2011) 217–224 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Automation in Construction j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s ev i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / a u t c o n Building information modeling for sustainable design and LEED® rating analysis Salman Azhar a‚⁎‚ Wade A. Carlton a‚ Darren Olsen a‚ Irtishad Ahmad b a b McWhorter School of Building Science‚ Auburn University‚ Auburn‚ AL‚ USA Department of Construction Management‚ Florida International
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been the same. But living outside‚ with the freedom to roam widely for the purposes of hunting and gathering‚ suggests the need for at least a temporary shelter. And this‚ even at the simplest level‚ means the beginning of something approaching architecture. Confronted with the need for a shelter against sun or rain‚ the natural instinct is to lean some form of protective shield against a support - a leafy branch‚ for example‚ against the trunk of a tree. If there is no
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Introduction What? Any research study of architecture and language dives into familiar but deep seas .Thinking architecture without any language is a vast and elongated theory of discussion. Moreover‚ it adds to a never ending psychological debate which challenges the analogous nature of writing and seeing architecture. People have their own invented worlds where they see the world with different organs of perception where ‘the eye listens’‚ greatly said by Picasso. This conversation surpass the
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Elia‚ one of the key people of futurist movement on architecture. The ideology of Sant’ Elia on futurism is expressed in the ‘Messaggio’ and the ‘Manifesto of Futurist Architecture’.1 As a futurist‚ his text confirms the futurist ideology‚ however‚ the drawing of Sant’ Elia on the La Citta Nuova and other works of his show contradiction Antonio Sant’ Elia was born in 1888. He was an Italian visionary architect who participated in the futurist movement and wrote futurist manifesto. His remarkable work
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UK Higher Education Space Management Project Case studies September 2006 2006/41 Space Management Project: case studies Contents Page Executive summary Introduction 1. 2. 3. Queen Margaret University College – The Relocate Project University of Newcastle upon Tyne – Versatile research buildings Sheffield Hallam University – Promoting effective utilisation The Devonshire Building space management policy 3 5 7 17 27 34 Annex 1: Space Management Project: case studies 2006/41 1
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rates (typically up to 53.6 kbit/s) Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) radio cell MS MS BSS radio cell RSS BTS MS GSM 7 BTS BSC BSC NSS MSC MSC signaling GMSC IWF ISDN‚ PSTN PDN VLR HLR OSS VLR EIR AuC OMC GSM Architecture – Radio
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in itself is incredible but with the addition of the exquisite‚ fantasy-like colors makes the cathedral all the more beautiful. Given its appearance‚ it’s quite surprising to many that it was constructed in the sixteenth century considering most architecture around the world during this time was gothic and lacked such bright colors and rounded features. The Cathedral stands in Red Square‚ Moscow‚ Russia. Its construction was requested by Ivan the Terrible to celebrate his military victories and the
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The Roman Empire‚ founded by Augustus Caesar in 27 B.C. and lasting in Western Europe for 500 years‚ reorganized for world politics and economics. Almost the entirety of the civilized world became a single centralized state. In place of Greek democracy‚ piety‚ and independence came Roman authoritarianism and practicality. Vast prosperity resulted. Europe and the Mediterranean bloomed with trading cities ten times the size of their predecessors with public amenities previously unheard of courts
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domes‚ arches‚ and vaults. They added bricks to these structures to improve the strength of the building. After adding the bricks‚ they put on an extra layer of marble for decoration. One of the biggest improvements that the Romans made in architecture was the invention of the arch. These arches added a great amount of weight to the structure. To help support this weight‚ the Romans invented a type of building material that is called a keystone block. The force on top of the arch was directed
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term “‘Romanesque’‚” meaning in the manner of the Romans‚ was first coined in the early 19th century. Today it is used to refer to the period of European art” (Antiquity 1). The church architecture is fundamental to this period; “the Romanesque and Gothic churches were built on the foundations of Carolingian architecture. Charlemagne’s early Romanesque architectural achievements were continued by the Holy Roman Emperors Otto I-III‚ in a style known as Ottonian Art‚ which morphed into the fully fledged
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