Financial Risk Management‚ FIN3FRM Semester 2‚ 2012 Assignment 1 Q.1 An investor enters into a short forward contract to sell 100‚000 British pounds for U.S. dollars at an exchange rate of 1.9000 U.S. dollars per pound. How much does the investor gain or lose if the exchange rate at the end of the contract is (a) 1.8900 and (b) 1.9200? (2 points) Solutions: a) The investor as part of obligation for selling pounds‚ because of his obligation to sell
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Q&A 2 Certainty of terms and intention Introduction Contractual certainty If businessmen are often not overly-concerned with the niceties of offer and acceptance it follows that their contracts may not be all-embracing and complete in every respect. The parties may have reached an agreement in principle and then prefer to rely on experience from previous dealings‚ business practice and goodwill. The law’s overall policy is to uphold bargains wherever possible and although businessmen tend to
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CHAPTER 7 CURRENCY FUTURES AND OPTIONS MARKETS This chapter describes foreign currency futures and options contracts and shows how they can be used to manage foreign exchange risk or take speculative positions on currency movements. It also shows how to read the prices of these contracts as they appear in the financial press. SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 7 QUESTIONS 1. On April 1‚ the spot price of the British pound was $1.86 and the price of the June futures contract was $1.85. During April
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CONTRACTS CONTRACT a meeting of minds between 2 persons whereby one binds himself‚ with respect to the other‚ to give something or to render some service (ARTICLE 1305) GENERAL PROVISIONS (Arts. 1305-1317) Distinguish an ordinary Contract: a.) from a Contract of marriage b.) from an obligation c.) from an imperfect promise d.) from a pact e.) from a stipulation a.) from a Contract of marriage ORDINARY CONTRACT 1. The parties may be 2 or more persons of same or different genders
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POINT/COUNTER-POINT: Should Speculators Use Currency Futures or Options? POINT: Speculators should use currency futures because they can avoid a substantial premium. To the extent that they are willing to speculate‚ they must have confidence in their expectations. If they have sufficient confidence in their expectations‚ they should bet on their expectations without having to pay a large premium to cover themselves if they are wrong. If they do not have confidence in their expectations‚ they
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CONTRACTS Stages in the life of a contract: 1. Preparation/Generation 2. Perfection/Birth 3. Consummation/Death Characteristics of Contracts: (ROMA) 1. Relativity (Art. 1311) 2. Obligatoriness & Consensuality (Art. 1315) 3. Mutuality (Art. 1308) 4. Autonomy (Art. 1306) Stipulation pour Autrui - stipulation in favor of a 3rd party. Requisites: 1. The stipulation must be part‚ not whole of the contract; 2. the contracting parties must have clearly and deliberately conferred
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CONTRACT LAW- EXAM NOTES What is a contract? An oral or written agreement between two or more parties which is enforceable by law. This agreement ‘will be legally binding if certain criteria are met – briefly‚ they require that there be an agreement (comprising an offer and acceptance)‚ consideration‚ intention to create legal relations‚ compliance with any formalities required by law and that the parties have the legal capacity to contract’1 What is the purpose of contract law
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Contract Law Notes Contracts ‘A’ Offer Bilateral contracts Unilateral contracts Offers to the public at large What is an offer? Mere puff Supply of information Invitation to treat Categorizing transactions Advertisements a) Advertisements in a catalogue or a curricular b) Advertisements in newspapers or magazines c) Advertisements appearing on the internet d) Display of goods Auctions a) Advertisement of auction b) Auctions with reserves c) Auctions without a reserve Tendering
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A contract -is a legal agreement that occurs between two or more parties. It can be a written or spoken agreement that can concern employment‚ sales‚ or tenancy. Parties or members involved‚ enter voluntarily into this agreement. Every contracts involve two persons they are the: Offeror and Offeree. The offeror is the one who offers to enter into a contract and the Offeree is the one to whom the contract is being offered Elements of a contract: Agreement‚ Lawful object‚ consideration and contractual
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Classification of Contracts (7 – 1.30) Simple and formal contracts A formal contract is a written contract (such as a deed). A simple contract can be entirely orally or a combination of oral and written. Bilateral Contract: exchange of promise – one promise for another (a promisee’s promise in return for the promisor’s promise or vice versa) o Union Dominions Trust (Commercial) Ltd v Eagle Aircraft Services Ltd [1968] 1 All ER 104 at 108‚ Lord Diplock Unilateral Contract: A one way
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