1. argumentum ad baculum a. Chairman of the Board: "All those opposed to my arguments for the opening of a new department‚ signify by saying‚ ‘I resign.’" b. The Department of Transportation needs to reconsider the speed limit proposals on interstate highways for the simple reason that if they do not‚ their departmental budget for Department of Transportation will be cut by 25%. c. I’m sure you can support the proposal to diversify into the fast food industry because if I receive any opposition on
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An Encyclopedia of Errors of Reasoning The ability to identify logical fallacies in the arguments of others‚ and to avoid them in one’s own arguments‚ is both valuable and increasingly rare. Fallacious reasoning keeps us from knowing the truth‚ and the inability to think critically makes us vulnerable to manipulation by those skilled in the art of rhetoric. What is a Logical Fallacy? A logical fallacy is‚ roughly speaking‚ an error of reasoning. When someone adopts a position‚ or tries to persuade
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Cold Fusion: The Continuing Mystery In March of 1989‚ a discovery was made that rocked the scientific world. Stanley Pons and Martin Fleischman had announced that they were able to create and sustain a cold fusion process. After intense media attention‚ and corresponding interest in future test‚ the subject seemed to have faded away. Future tests proved inconclusive‚ and when the quick promise of easy energy didn’t materialize‚ most quickly forgot the subject. Little is said about the continuing
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Logical Fallacies Logical fallacies have existed since the dawn of time. As defined by Bassham et al a logical fallacy "is an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning." With this definition one must keep in mind that the definition of an argument according to Bassham et al is "a claim put forward and defended by reasons." The ability to recognize logical fallacy will enable one to break down an argument. This ability is crucial to the critical thinking process. Logical fallacies can be
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BEL313 – Introduction to Critical Thinking Logical Fallacy What is Fallacy??? Explain Please!!! Example Please!!! Fallacy = mistake in reasoning What is Fallacy? Fallacious Argument = Argument that contains a mistake in reasoning What is fallacious argument? Two types of fallacy are: Two types of fallacy? Valid Argument: Fallacious Argument: Fallacy of Relevance: arguments in which the premises are logically P1: Joe has two brothers P1: Joe has two sisters
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Fallacies in Advertising According to Bassham et al. (2002)‚ a logical fallacy is “an argument that contains a mistake in reasoning” (p. 140). There are two types of logical fallacies‚ fallacies of relevance‚ and fallacies of insufficient evidence. Fallacies of relevance happen when the premises are not logically relevant to the conclusion. Fallacies of insufficient evidence occur when the premises do not provide sufficient evidence to support the conclusion. Though there are several logical fallacies
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INFORMAL FALLACIES FALLACIES IN GENERAL A fallacy is a defect in an argument that consists in something other than the false premises alone. Fallacies are usually divided into two groups: formal and informal. A formal fallacy is one that may be identified by merely examining the form or structure of an argument. Informal fallaciesare those that can be detected only by examining the content of the argument. Informal fallacies can be further classified as Fallacies of Ambiguities‚ Relevance‚ and
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they had found a way to create nuclear fusion in a relatively simple and cheap way. Superhot fusion is the process in which deuterium‚ a heavier form of hydrogen‚ is held within a magnetic field and heated to tens of millions of degrees. The nuclei of the atoms fuse‚ and heat energy is released. This kind of fusion happens in our solar system’s sun. This type of fusion is known to occur‚ but recreating it is extremely difficult. One method of creating fusion failed because even a 100 trillion watt
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Fusion as a future energy source Creating Nuclear Fusion could be a break through in finding an alternative source of energy. As of today we do not have the technology to make a nuclear fusion reactor‚ but we could be relying on them for power sometime in the next 30 to 40 years. Nuclear Fusion is created by forcing deuterium (D) and tritium (T) together‚ when forced together their nuclei fuse and then break apart to form a helium nucleus and an uncharged neutron. Most of the excess energy
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Logical Fallacies Fallacies of Relevance Ad Hominem Refers to a personal attack on an arguer’s reputation or character rather than the argument itself. Usually seen in political debates Example: Teddy Roosevelt’s attacks on William Howard Taft’s obesity. Attacking the Motive Refers to focusing on an attack against an arguer’s supposed motivation or bias rather than focusing on the argument itself. Usually points to how the arguer would benefit from his own argument. Example: Flower
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