Standards of tebuconazole (purity 96.6%)‚ trifloxystrobin (purity 99.6%)‚ CGA 321113 (purity 96.3%) and commercial grade fungicide formulation Nativo 75 WG (25 % trifloxystrobin and 50% tebuconazole) were supplied by M/s Bayer Crop Science Limited (Mumbai‚ India). The sorbent PSA (Primary secondary amine‚ 40µm particle size) was procured from Agilent Technologies (USA). HPLC grade acetonitrile‚ acetone and ethyl acetate were supplied by Merck (Mumbai‚ India). Analytical grade sodium chloride (NaCl)
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2.4.4. Toxicokinetics of MT: Both carbendazim and Methyl Thiophanate are classified as benzimidazole fungicides. Carbendazim is a major metabolite of benomyl with closely similar structural and toxicological characteristics. Methyl Thiophanate is also structurally related to both carbendazim and benomyl. Both benomyl and carbendazim are well absorbed after oral exposure (80–85%) but poorly absorbed after dermal exposure (1 or 2%) in rats‚ mice‚ dogs and hamsters. The major
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Harmful effects of pesticides The term pesticide covers a wide range of compounds including insecticides‚ fungicides‚ herbicides‚ rodenticides‚ molluscicides‚ nematicides‚ plant growth regulators and others. Among these‚ organochlorine (OC) insecticides‚ used successfully in controlling a number of diseases‚ such as malaria and typhus‚ were banned or restricted after the 1960s in most of the technologically advanced countries. The introduction of other synthetic insecticides – organophosphate (OP)
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INTRODUCTION TO ASCLEPIAS CALIFORNICA The terrestrial plant‚ Asclepias californica‚ is the primary food source for Monarch butterflies. It can only germinate and produce seeds if provided with the proper environmental influence. The California milkweed’s population is spread out in the southern and coastal areas of California where there are flat lands and grassy slopes. It can also grow up to three feet tall and have clumps consisting of multiple stems that are a couple of feet in width. Unlike
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The kinetic equation‚ half-life values‚ correlation coefficient and pre-harvest interval (PHI) of the trifloxystrobin and tebuconazole residue dissipation were calculated from the experimental data and summarized in Table 4. The dissipation dynamics of trifloxystrobin on green tea leaves followed a first-order rate equation as follows C = 2.5472e-0.245x (r=0.9797) and C = 6.5457e-0.207x (r= 0.9804) with the half-life of 2.83 and 3.34 days for trifloxystrobin at RD and DRD‚ respectively. The half-life
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the plant’s water conducting tissues. Once Fusarim oxysporum is introduced into banana gardens‚ it remains in the soil making it impossible to grow susceptible bananas in the same location for up to several decades. (2) The disease is resistant to fungicide and cannot be controlled chemically. (3) Page | 1 The fungal pathogens enter the banana tree through the xylem‚ and then use the water stream to spread the fungal spores throughout the entire plant. These spores lodge into the vessel walls and
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Evaluate economic and environmental issues involved with farming practices that increase productivity. Farming is considered by many as the first major step towards civilisation. Without it we would all still be hunter-gatherers. Over the millennia farming has become steadily more efficient and productivity has increased. Better productivity is constantly sought after in an effort to reduce losses so more money can be made. Better productivity is defined as an increased rate of biomass creation
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Information on Oak Trees ? Oaks are among the hardiest of hardwood trees and over time can become large shade trees. These trees are popular for their size‚ long life and beautiful fall colors‚ but be prepared to wait many years for this grandeur if planting a seedling. Oaks can live and grow for hundreds of years. Attention to soil conditions‚ diseases and other factors can lead to long-living‚ beautiful trees. Deciduous Oaks Among the most common oaks are white‚ red and pin oaks. These types
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Vegetable is important commodities to human being because it provides vitamin and minerals. Due to the public concern regarding the importance of vegetables in their life‚ the public demand on the vegetables increase. For example‚ carrot‚ tomato and chilli are most demand among Malaysian adult. However‚ vegetables are susceptible to the microbial infection due to its pH that closer to the neutral pH. Generally‚ Alternaria‚ Fusarium‚ Penicillium‚ Aspergillus‚ Geotrichum and Botrytis are common post-harvest
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more natural alternatives (Trewavas‚ 2001‚ p. 409). However‚ despite the increasing level of interest‚ organic farming is not more beneficial or safer than conventional farming‚ as the prohibition of use of synthetic herbicides‚ pesticides‚ and fungicides‚ increases food safety concerns‚ its lower yield is not capable of feeding the worlds growing population‚ and its higher costs make it less accessible to lower income people or countries. Therefore‚ before consumers make the choice of organic food
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