ETHERS Classification of Ethers: Symmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH2CH3 – diethyl ether Unsymmetrical ethers – two groups attached to O are not identical Ex. CH3CH2OCH3 – ethyl methyl ether Physical Properties of Ethers: Ethers have much lower boiling points compared to alcohols of comparable MWs. BPs of ethers increases with increasing MW. BPs of isomeric ethers increase with increasing alkyl chain length. BPs of ethers are about the
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The prescribed procedure produced nylon. The initial indication that nylon was being formed was through the combination of 0.02M of sebacoyl chloride in hexane and 0.05 M 1‚6 hexanediamine. Due to the fact there was an evident product formed after the combination of these two solutions‚ this simply shows that nylon was produced. The prescribed procedure produced nylon due to the fact that there was a present product of the reaction within the IR spectrum. The main peaks of frequency for the unknown
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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 HISTORY: Ethylene Glycol (1‚ 2 – ethanediol)‚ HOCH2CH2OH usually called glycol is the simplest Diol. Diethylene glycol and Triethylene glycol are Oligomers of Mono ethylene glycol. Ethylene glycol was first prepared by Wurtz in 1859; treatment of 1‚2 dibromoethane with silver acetate yielding ethylene glycol diacetate via saponification with potassium hydroxide and in
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Para-nitrobenzeneazoresorcinol dye and methyl orange belong to a class of dyes known as “azo colors” which contain the azo group linked to two aromatic nuclei. The nature of the aromatic substituent’s on both sides of the azo group (-N=N-) controls the colors of the azo compound as well as the water- solubility of dyes and how well they bind to a particular fabric. In addition to the azo group‚ the dyes
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Notes Aldehydes and Ketones The major similarity between an aldehyde and a ketone is the carbonyl group. A carbonyl group is a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. [pic] Both molecules have a carbonyl group‚ the difference the number of carbons bonded to the carbonyl carbon. An aldehyde will have none or one and a ketone will have two carbons. All aldehydes‚ except formaldehyde‚ will have a hydrogen atom on one side of the carbonyl carbon and at least on carbon on the other side
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this specific reaction was as follows: First the protonation of a carbonyl oxygen activates the carboxylic acid towards nucleophillic attack by the alcohol yielding a tetrahedral intermediate‚ in which there are two equivalent hydroxyl groups. One of these hydroxyl groups is eliminated after a proton shift (tautomerism) to give water and the ester. The reaction is a nucleophillic acylsubstitution carried out under acidic conditions of acetic acid and Dowex was also used for supplying protons. The alcohol
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General Features of Oxidative Additions Oxidative addition reactions usually involve a coordinatively unsaturated 16-electron metal complex or five-coordinate 18-electron species‚ and take the general from: [pic] If the A and B ligands in the product are considered to be formally –1‚ then the metal center has increased its oxidation state by +2‚ and this is the origin of the name oxidative addition. Oxidative reaction can occur when a metal complex
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The carcinogenic nature of N-nitrosamines depends on the organs. For example‚ their targets for cancer in rodents include thyroid‚ pancreas‚ urinary bladder‚ trachea‚ lung‚ oral and nasal cavities‚ esophagus‚ kidney and liver. With respect to N-nitrosamides‚ skin‚ bone‚ peripheral nervous system‚ brain‚ small intestine and glandular stomach are targeted organs for cancers. Besides cancer‚ acute myelocytic leukemia and T and B cell lymphoma have also been triggered by N-nitrosamides. In table 8.1
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Electrophilic Aromatic Iodination of Vanillin Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory experiment is for an aromatic compound to undergo an electrophilic substitution reaction. To carry this out‚ our method combines sodium iodide and common bleach as the oxidizing agent in aqueous alcohol as the solvent. Balanced Chemical Equations: Physical Properties: Name of Chemical Chemical Structure Molar Mass (g/mol) BP/MP (ºC) Density (g/mL) Mass/Vol. Used Purpose 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehye
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Organic Chemistry Laboratory – CH 200L (2012 – 2013) 2B-Ph Group 9 Experiment 10 Identifying Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives Through Classification Tests Bianca Therese Rivera‚ Camille Aliana Rivera‚ Zarah Mae Roxas‚ Ma. Rosario Teresa Saylo‚ Jean Darlene Semilla and Adrian Yu Department of Pharmacy‚ Faculty of Pharmacy University of Santo Tomas‚ Espana Street‚ Manila 1008 Date Submitted: September 13‚ 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Abstract Carboxylic acid derivatives
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