costs more than $200 million. 1. First the drug must be isolated or synthetized. 2. The drug is tested on animals. LD50 and ED50 are determined. 3. The drug moves to Clinical Trials a. Human Pharmacology – testing on small group of healthy volunteers for safety b. Therapeutic Exploratory – evaluates drug’s efficiency and side effects c. Confirmatory Stage – large-scale testing of drug 4. A local drug regulatory agency approves a medicine and decides whether
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molecule to the induced infrared radioactive energy. Thus from looking at the peaks on IR spectrum‚ possible functional groups in a compound can be analyzed (Mohrig‚ Hammond‚ & Schartz‚ 2010). Functional groups are the spesific groups of atoms in a molecule that undergo chemical reactions. These atom groups characterize the molecule. It is improtant to see the particular functional groups after the reaction
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Hours : : : : : CHM 556 Organic Chemistry II Degree 4 3 hr (Lecture) 3 hr (Practical) 3 Core CHM 456 Part Course Status Pre-requisite : : : Course Outcomes : Upon completion of this course‚ students should be able to: 1. Determine functional groups present in organic compounds using Infrared Spectroscopy and interpret Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectra and relate the information to structural features of organic compounds. State and explain principles governing the physical and chemical
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and tryptophane. Biuret test shows 540nm Lowry test shows 750nm Ninhydrin Test • Amino acid containing a free amino group and a free carboxylic acid group that react together with ninhydrin to produce colured product. • Protein also contain free amino group on the alpha-carbon and can react with ninhydrin to produce blue purple product. • When the amino group is secondary the condensation product is yellow. Biuret Test • It positively identifies the presence of protein in solution
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electronegativity‚ orbital hybridization‚ nomenclature‚ resonance and isomerism‚ as well as organic reactions mechanisms (C4‚ CTPS) 2. to conduct experiments that demonstrate the characteristic reactions of important functional groups of organic compounds (P4) 3. interact and work together as a group‚ as well as carry out a given assignment within the stipulated time (A3) SYNOPSIS : This course covers topics related to structure‚ bonding‚ nomenclature‚ properties‚ reactions‚ synthesis and the importance
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carbonyl functional group which features carbon doubly bonded to oxygen. In the case of ketones there are two carbon atoms bonded to the carbonyl carbon and no hydrogens. In the case of aldehydes there is at least one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon; the other attachment may be to a carbon or a hydrogen. In all cases the carbon(s) that are attached to the carbonyl group may be aliphatic (not part of an aromatic ring) or aromatic (part of an aromatic ring). Since they share the carbonyl group‚ aldehydes
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Title : Properties of hydrocarbon Objective : 1) To study the properties of hydrocarbons. 2) To determine the unknown samples. Results : Part A : Combustion Compounds Observations Hexane There was orange flame and burned mildly during the burning process. No soots and smoke were produced. C6H14 + 19/2 O2 6CO2 + 7H2O Cyclohexene Orange flame burned vigorously. A small amount of black soot and smoke were produced during the burning process.
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and acetic anhydride formed the crude sample. Further analysis of dry white crystals were used to give quantitative measurements and a percentage yield of 46% was obtained. The overall conclusion is that the acetic anhydride reacted with the –NH2 group. Materials and Methods: 1. We weighed out (on a top-pan balance) 4-aminophenol (about 11.0g) in a weighing boat and transfer the powder to a 250cm3 round-bottomed flask (RBF) using a powder funnel. 2. Then recorded the amount of 4-aminophenol
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are 3 types‚ dispersion forces‚ dipole-dipole and hydrogen bonding. The influence of these attractive forces will depend on the functional groups present. For example heptane has boiling point of 98.4 degrees (1) and 1-hexanol has boiling point of 157 degrees. (2) The fact that heptane has lower boiling point then 1-hexanol is because heptane belongs to alkane group and only has dispersion forces since it contains non polar molecules. Dipole-dipole forces exist between neutral polar molecules
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------------------------------------------------- SUBMITTED BY: DEVINA SIAL : H12074 KASTURI GHOSH : H12082 NANDINI UPADHYAY : H12090 PUNEET GUPTA : H12098 SARANSH SHARMA : H12106 SRILAKHI SAH : H12114 ANABEL BENJAMIN BARA: FH12001 GROUP COHESIVENESS FINAL REPORT Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Literature Review 4 3. Hypothesis and Research Design 5 4. Data Collection and Collation 6 5. Hypothesis Testing 8 6. Conclusion 9 7. Drawbacks 9
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