frequency (Fref = 100MHz for example). The PLL is also used as a clock recovery circuit to generate a clock signal from a series of bits transmitted in serial without synchronization clock (Figure below). The PLL may also be found in frequency demodulation circuits‚ to transform a frequency varying waveform into a voltage. The PLL uses a high frequency oscillator with varying speed‚ a counter‚ a phase detector and a filter (figure below). The PLL includes a feedback loop which aligns the output
Premium Signal processing Crystal oscillator Frequency
DSP NOTES PREPARED BY nikhil teja DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING A signal is defined as any physical quantity that varies with time‚ space or another independent variable. A system is defined as a physical device that performs an operation on a signal. System is characterized by the type of operation that performs on the signal. Such operations are referred to as signal processing. Advantages of DSP 1. A digital programmable system allows flexibility in reconfiguring the digital signal
Premium Digital signal processing Signal processing Modulation
Laser Based Communication System. Introduction:- An optical communication system for inter and intra building communications can be built using the following three basic component. A light emitting element. 1. A light emitting element‚ which could be a laser diode or light emitting diode. 2. Transmission media such as optical fiber cable or free space. 3. A light receiving element‚ which could employ avalanche photo-diode‚ PIN photo-diode or any other light sensors like LDR. Since the
Premium Optical fiber Laser Optics
standard telephone lines occurred four years later. Computer Connections • After the first fax transmission in 1962‚ the modulation of data into sound for transmission across telephone lines spread in popularity for several years. Though modulation/demodulation‚ or modem‚ technology continued to carry slower data traffic for the remainder of the 20th century‚ according to the History of Computing‚ the 1969 development of Internet Protocol (IP) marked a significant milestone in data communication history
Premium Telephone Nikola Tesla Internet Protocol
Linux are: GNURadio [http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki] is an excellent but unwieldy piece of software for use with RTLSDR. It’s the only software for now that will receive analogue (FM‚ AM‚ sideband) and digital modes such as AP25‚ FSK and ADS-B. Be warned it’s not very easy to drive but if you are canny you can use it to build your own software defined radio. Follow the build guide for your Linux system as the latest code is always the best to use. GQRX [http://www.oz9aec.net/index
Premium Linux Source code
Study of OFDM System and Implementation of FFT Algorithm in VHDL Ammu Krishnan1 ‚ Aswathy Sivanandan1 ‚ Indurekha P R1 ‚ Mekha V1 ‚ Shilpa K A 1 1 S7‚ B.Tech‚ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering‚ National Institute of Technology‚ Calicut Project guide: Lyla B Das‚ Associate Professor‚ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering‚ National Institute of Technology Calicut Abstract—Increasing the performance is the best criterion for developing any communication
Premium Modulation Fading Discrete Fourier transform
North South University ETE 321 – Spring 2010 Instructor: Nahid Rahman Assignment #1 Total Marks: 100 Worth: 7.5% 1. Consider the sinusoidally modulated DSB LC signal shown below. The carrier DSB-LC frequency is ωc and the message signal frequency is ωm. (a) Determine the modulation index m. Solution: Amax = 25 Amin = 5 − 25 − 5 = = 0.67 + 25 + 5 (b) Write an expression for the modulated signal φ(t). Solution: 1 1 ) = (25 − 5) = 10 = ( − 2 2 1 1 ) = (25 + 5) = 15 = ( + 2 2 = + cos = cos
Premium Phase Modulation
Republic of the Philippines LOPE DE VEGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL Lope de Vega‚ Northern Samar THE BENEFITS OF USING LASER COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY A RESEARCH PROJECT PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF LOPE DE VEGA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IV Presented by: MARCO C. SALUDARIO 4th Year Student Presented to: MRS. MARLITA J. DELOS SANTOS Subject Teacher 19 FEBRUARY 2013 ABSTRACT Laser communication‚ often referred to as free-space optics (FSO)
Premium Laser Optical fiber
Magnetic field screening and mirroring in graphene Mikito Koshino‚ Yasunori Arimura‚ and Tsuneya Ando arXiv:0903.1690v2 [cond-mat.mes-hall] 17 Jun 2009 Department of Physics‚ Tokyo Institute of Technology‚ Tokyo 152-8551‚ Japan (Dated: June 17‚ 2009) The orbital magnetism in spatially varying magnetic fields is studied in monolayer graphene within the effective mass approximation. We find that‚ unlike the conventional two-dimensional electron system‚ graphene with small Fermi wave number kF
Free Magnetic field Magnetism Magnet
Si4010-Key Fob-DK Si4010 K EY F O B D EVELOPMENT K IT U SER ’ S G UIDE 1. Key Fob Development Platform The Si4010 key fob development platform is a flexible platform for comfortably developing software and testing the whole system using the Silicon Laboratories software development IDE. The platform also allows programming of the NVM on chip. The kit has two versions: one for the 434 MHz band (P/N 4010-DKKF_434) and one for the 868 MHz band (P/N 4010-DKKF_868). 1.1. Kit Content Table 1. Kit
Premium Integrated development environment Universal Serial Bus Source code