Dissecting out the gastrocnemius muscle Completely cut the skin around the lower abdomen. Then cut down between the legs to free the skin around one leg from the rest of the skin‚ cut any attachments of the skin to the body. Holding the upper part of the frog firmly in one hand pull the skin down off of the leg. Be careful when pull the skin off around the knee as it is attached more firmly there. Place the frog dorsal side up in the tray and make sure to keep the muscles moist with ringer solution
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Prior to injecting the neurotoxin‚ Tubocurare‚ inside the gastrocnemius muscle‚ a control was established. The baseline was maintained approximately at 20 grams. The control used the maximum voltage of 0.75 volts for the stimulus input. As a result‚ the tension produced 68.13 grams of force. The moment Tubocurare was infused into the gastrocnemius muscle‚ the muscle tension dropped to 47.7 grams of force. Data was recorded for 10 minutes‚ and as predicted prior to the experiment‚ the tension trend
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Stimulus-Dependent Lab A motor unit is a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it controls. A whole muscle is made up of hundreds of motor units that are handled by different motor neurons that react at different levels of stimulation. The electric shock acts as an action potential by changing the membrane permeability allowing the sodium and potassium ions to pass through. At different levels of stimulation the motor neurons stimulate a motor unit and the more stimulation the more motor units become
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Results A left gastrocnemius muscle of a frog (L=3.2cm in situ) was used in experiment 1 and 2‚ while a right gastrocnemius muscle of a frog (L=3.4cm in situ) was used in experiment 3. The sciatic nerve of the frog was placed over the stimulatory electrodes covered with a piece of a Kimwipe moistened with Ringer’s solution. The relationship between muscle length‚ force production and velocity of contraction was studied. Force transduced calibration In order to get a more accurate data from force
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Lab 6 Biomechanics of Frog Skeletal Muscle I. Purpose This exercise is designed to demonstrate some mechanical and physiological properties of skeletal muscle using the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog. II. Performance Objectives At the end of this exercise the student should be able to: 1. Define minimal (threshold)‚ subminimal‚ maximal‚ and supramaximal stimulus. 2. Explain what is meant by a “graded” response. 3. Draw a diagram of the setup used in this lab exercise. 4. Calculate the
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The gastrocnemius was exposed on the leg of the bullfrog that was removed at the hip joint through careful dissection of the muscle away from the tibo-fibula bone while leaving the it attached to the knee and heel. The muscle was consistently moistened by Ringer’s solution throughout the entire experiment. The Achilles tendon was removed at the heel of the frog. The tibiofibular bone was cut below the knee and the femur below the knee (Frog Skeletal Muscle Experiement). The baseline value of the
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FROG MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY 2) What was the smallest voltage required to produce max contraction? What proportion of the muscle fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response? Muscle fibers act in response to isolated stimuli in an all or none fashion. However‚ a muscle organ‚ such as the gastrocnemius muscle‚ is composed of many individual muscle fibers. It is known that all of the fibers in a muscle do not have the same threshold and that a stimulus applied to
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isolated frog muscle could be made to contract when the sciatic nerve was irritated with a metal object‚ conducted the first muscle experiments between 1661 and 1665. Later‚ between 1737-1798 Luigi Galvani determined that frog muscle responded to electrical currents. The kymograph‚ which was invented in the late 1840’s lead to the revolution of experimental physiology because it enabled muscle contractions to be analyzed and recorded. The muscle cell or fiber is the basic unit of a muscle. The frog gastrocnemius
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at the! Frog Nerve/Gastrocnemius Preparation ! Richard S. Manalis and Jonathan L. Miller— Department of Biology‚ Goshen College‚ Goshen‚ Indiana Introduction! Learning & Memory are related to synaptic efficacy which the present study brings to the undergraduate physiology laboratory. TWIN-PULSE FACILITATION has been widely used to study one aspect of short-term synaptic plasticity at a wide variety of synapses using electrophysiological methods. Here we show that measurements of muscle twitches
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Lab 6: Amphibian Muscle Contraction Results: For this experiment‚ Isometric contractions of the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog were analyzed and from this data the latent period‚ twitch‚ motor unit summation‚ tetanus‚ fatigue & mechanical summation were measured. The data was used to quantify the effect of passive tension on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus intensity on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus frequency on contractile force of xenopus gastrocnemius muscle. The threshold voltage
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