The formation of an action potential can be divided into five steps. (1) A stimulus from a sensory cell or another neuron causes the target cell to depolarize toward the threshold potential. (2) If the threshold of excitation is reached‚ all Na+ channels open and the membrane depolarizes. (3) At the peak action potential‚ K+ channels open and K+ begins to leave the cell. At the same time‚ Na+ channels close. (4) The membrane becomes hyperpolarized as K+ ions continue to leave the cell. The
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which cell has the larger resting membrane potential? Explain. If the permeability to K is higher in A than in B‚ then the resting membrane potential (rmp) will be closer to the equilibrium potential in cell A‚ which means the rmp will be more negative in cell A than in cell B; or in other words‚ the potential difference will be LARGER in cell A. 2. Predict the effect of a reduced extracellular concentration of Na+ on the magnitude of the action potential in an electrically excitable cell. If there
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climate‚ recreational and wind Resources of the biosphere: flora and fauna The physical state: solid‚ liquid‚ gaseous By formation: igneous‚ sedimentary‚ metamorphic (transformed) According to the composition and characteristics of use: fuel‚ metal‚ non-metal By end-uses: Fuel and energy For the needs of the construction‚ ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy‚ chemical‚ timber‚ wood and food industries Principal division concerning economic activities: Natural Human Scientific and technical resources
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while half are afflicted with the chronic types. Most cases of leukemia occur in older adults‚ more than half of all cases occurring in people over 60. Nevertheless‚ younger adults are being diagnosed with leukemia‚ perhaps because of the greater use of blood testing in current medical practice. Acute leukemia is a rapidly progressing disease that affects red and white blood cells and platelets (cells that allow the blood to clot) that are not yet fully developed‚ meaning these cells cannot carry
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THE WORK DONE BY A CONSERVATIVE FORCE ALWAYS HAS FOUR PROPERTIES: 1. It can be expressed as the difference between the initial and final values of a potential-energy function. 3. It is independent of the path of the body and depends only on the starting and ending points. 2. It is reversible. 4. When the starting and ending points are the same‚ the total work is zero. The total mechanical energy ME = K + U is constant. Object moving in a uniform gravitational field gravitational a
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STUDY ON POTENTIAL USES OF RAINWATER HARVESTING IN URBAN AREAS Thamer Ahmed Mohammed‚ Megat Johari Megat Mohd. Noor‚ Abdul Halim Ghazali Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering University Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang‚ Selangor‚ Malaysia e-mail:thamer@eng.upm.edu.my Abstract Rainwater harvesting is the collection of water volume from raindrops. Rainwater harvesting has been the main source of water supply for potable and non-potable uses in the old days because the water conveyance
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PULSE MODULATION TECHNIQUES INTRODUCTION • Modulation is the process of frequency translation in which any one parameter(Amplitude‚ frequency or phase) of high frequency carrier signal is varied in accordance with instantaneous value of low frequency modulating signal. • Modulation is either analog or digital. INTRODUCTION • Many signals in modern communication systems are digital • Additionally‚ analog signals are transmitted digitally • Digitizing a signal results in reduced distortion
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ABSTRACT: The RF relay control‚ as the name suggests‚ operates at Radio Frequency. The corresponding frequency range varies between 30 kHz & 300 GHz. In this RF system‚ the digital data is represented as variations in the amplitude of carrier wave. This kind of modulation is known as Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). Transmission through RF is better than IR (infrared) because of many reasons. Firstly‚ signals through RF can travel through larger distances making it suitable
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Potential Energy • Definition and Mathematics of Work • Calculating the Amount of Work Done by Forces • Potential Energy • Kinetic Energy • Mechanical Energy • Power An object can store energy as the result of its position. For example‚ the heavy ball of a demolition machine is storing energy when it is held at an elevated position. This stored energy of position is referred to as potential energy. Similarly‚ a drawn bow is able to store energy as the result of its position. When assuming
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KIDARSONS JEWELLERS MARKETING PROPOSAL AKHIL SOOD 01/19/15 Executive Summary While increasing sales satisfies manufacturer‚ marketing is meant to satisfy consumers. Kidarsons Jewellers(KSJ) is a designer and manufacturer of premium gold and diamond jewelry. KSJ makes designs for Necklaces‚ earrings‚ bangles and pendants. All products are designed in house. The goal at KSJ is to grow the business in a manageable and controlled manner and improve the brand image of the company. The brand image needs
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