Chapter 1 1.1 The Scope of Microbiology (Living things too small to be seen without magnification) 1. Various Types of Microorganisms (Microbes): a. Bacteria‚ algae‚ protozoa‚ helminthes (parasitic invertebrate-worms) and fungi. 2. Multiple types of Professions Using Microbiology: b. A staff microbiologist at the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Prevention c. Epidemiologist d. Immunologist e. Food Inspectors f. Plant Microbiologists
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Theory of Spontaneous Generation • “Life arises spontaneously from non-living material” • Theory had supporters and detractors • Detractors included – Francesco Redi – Louis Pasteur – John Tyndall • Each contributed to disproving the theory 2 The Dispute Over Spontaneous Generation Italian biologist and physician Francesco Redi Demonstrated worms on rotting meat came from eggs of flies landing on meat (1668) • • • • Placed meat in two jars Covered one jar with gauze Gauze
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A. Living things versus Non-living things Most living things can be distinguished readily from non-living by the following characteristics: 1. Form and size. Living things have characteristic form and size within certain limits most of them are also arranged as definite individuals. While in non-living things‚ materials vary widely. 2. Organization. Living things are made up of cells which are assembled into interrelated system for performing the life processes. They rearrange and combine
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1: The Microbial World and You Learning Objectives Go Over First Lecture 1-1 List several ways in which microbes affect our lives. 1-2 Recognize the system of scientific nomenclature that uses two names: a genus and a specific epithet. 1-3 Differentiate the major characteristics of each group of microorganisms. 1-4 List the three domains. 1-5 Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek. 1-6 Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesis. 1-7 Identify
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and protozoa from scrapings of his teeth‚ feces and rain water. Compare spontaneous generations and biogenesis. Spontaneous Generations Forms of life could arise spontaneously from non-living matter (snakes could be born of moist soil.) Francesco Redi proved theory wrong with decaying meat and flies/larvae (1668) Biogenesis Claim that living cells can arise only from preexisting
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The Journey from Spontaneous Generation to Biogenesis Redi‚ Leeuwenhoek‚ Needham‚ Spallanzani‚ and Pasteur changed the way we think about life by trying to prove and disprove Spontaneous Generation or the idea that life could arise from nonliving matter. Redi disproved Spontaneous Generation. He only believed in Biogenesis which is that all life comes from life. Needham believed in Spontaneous Generation and wanted to prove it. Spallanzani wanted to know what caused microbes. Pasteur put an end
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Chapter 1: The Main Themes of Microbiology What is Microbiology? • micron = small and biologia = study of living things • Microbiology = study of small living things • How small is “small”? • What do we really mean by living? • Working definition: Study of entities too small to be seen with the unaided human eye. • (< 0.2 mm = 200 µm = 200‚000 nm) Types of Microbes Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea Eukaryotes include Protista (Algae and Protozoa)‚ Fungi‚ and Animalia
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Name Microbiology 2210 Answer Key Practice Test 1 Directions: Choose the most correct response to answer the statement. ___1. Archaea a. belong to the kingdom Protista b. have petidoglycan in their cell walls c. belong to the domain Bacteria
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originated from the meat in the situation where rotting meat is in a sealed flask. ! 2. What insect did Redi use to test his prediction in his experiment? ! - To test his prediction in his experiment‚ Redi manipulated flies by preparing jars of meat that each is in different environment. ! 3. Was this insect a good choice? Explain your reasoning. ! - The insect that Redi used‚ flies‚ was the best choice that he could make because his main goal of this experiment was to discover
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Part I INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY 1 The Evolution of Microorganisms and Microbiology CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter introduces the field of microbiology and discusses the importance of microorganisms not only as causative agents of disease‚ but also as important contributors to food production‚ antibiotic manufacture‚ vaccine development‚ and environmental management. It presents a brief history of the science of microbiology and an overview of the microbial world. The origin of life and
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