Foundations of Psychology PSY300 January 14‚ 2013 Dan Erickson Ph.D. Foundations of Psychology Psychology represents a science that studies mental process as well as behaviors. To best understand mental processes and behaviors four major psychological schools of thoughts are applied; psychodynamic‚ behavioral‚ cognitive as well as evolutionary perspectives. Psychology has developed over years from having beginnings relating to philosophy to expanded studies of biopsychology. The four major theories
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Elizabeth has been a drug user for a long time. Her friend believe that addiction has not a biological explanation as none of her friends are addicts and they do not encourage her to take drugs. Describe and evaluate one biological explanation of drug addiction that could be used to understand Elizabeth’s drug explanation. Drug misuse causes significant changes to our neurotransmitter levels in the brain‚ and specifically levels of dopamine and serotonin. As these chemicals are both involved
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Chapter 1 1. Correct Psychology is the study of behavior andYour answer: mental processes. 2. Correct The processes involved in learning‚ memory‚ sensation‚ perception‚ and cognition are investigated by which type of psychologists?Your answer: experimental 3. Correct The scientific method isYour answer: an approach to gaining knowledge that relies on collecting data and hypothesis testing. 4. Correct Which of the following is NOT one of the enduring issues in psychology?Your answer: the Chicken-Egg
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There are four schools of perspectives in psychology. Each one is unique. Behavioral perspective deals with how behavior effects decisions and what effects behavior. Cognitive perspective focuses on how we think. The most controversial perspective is Psychodynamic. Psychodynamic is more concerned with therapy than scientific observation and research. Evolutionary perspective is the study of the human actions‚ feeling and thoughts. Along side how the body functions due to changes in them. Today psychologists
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Solving a cognitive dissonance is a good way to look at all your cards on the table‚ so to speak. The definition of cognitive dissonance is "A feeling of discomfort caused by a discrepancy between an attitude and a behavior or between two attitudes." (S.Carpenter‚ K. Huffman 2010). This is means that cognitive dissonance is a problem that involves how you feel and what you are doing to cause the problem. For an example: a man has stolen a car. He feels upset that he has stolen the car but he is in
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Describe the behaviourist approach in psychology and evaluate the research methods used by behaviourist psychologists. The behaviourist approach in psychology states that all behaviour is learnt from experience and from the environment we are in. John Locke (1690) a psychologist described the mind as ‘Tabula Rasa’‚ believing when we are born our minds are completely blank slates‚ and that all of our behaviour is dependent upon our interactions and experiences with the environment. Behaviourists
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6.3 • respondent behavior: behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus (in CC) • operant conditioning: a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher ➢ operant behavior: behavior that operates on the environment‚ producing consequences 6.3.1 • law of effect: Thorndike’s principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely‚ and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences
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Cognitive dissonance impacts the attitudes and behavior of employees in the workplace in the way of emotional dissonance. “Cognitive dissonance is the psychological discomfort of an individual a person experiences when his or her values do not coincide with his or her behavior” (Kreitner & Kinicki‚ 2013). Emotional dissonance‚ according to Pugh (2011)‚ it is the inconsistency of the way a person feels with the way a person displays their feelings outwardly. Now that we know the definitions‚ we
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Reaction Paper 1 (Sample Reaction Paper) Ron Gerrard‚ HWS Psychology Department My paper is based on an article from the text ’s web site (chapter 9) entitled "Lack of sleep ages body ’s systems." The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood
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Cardwell (1996) described ethics as norms of conduct which considers acceptable behaviour in the pursuit of a particular personal or scientific goal. Ethics are very important when carrying out any type of psychological research and before any research method is carried out it is vital to stick to an ethical code of practise for the results should be reliable with internal or external validity. Ethics are boundaries set in order to protect participants from psychological harm and it is a psychologist’s
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