Fluid and Electrolytes Imbalances Fluid Compartments: * Extracellular Fluid (ECF) – This is fluid found outside of the cells and the amount of ECF decreases with age. In the newborn for example‚ approximately ½ of the body fluid is contained in the ECF. By the time the infant has reached one year old; the ECF has decreased to approximately 1/3 of the total volume. In an average 70 kg adult the ECF is approximately 15 liters of total volume. ECF can further be divided into the following:
Premium Blood Potassium Kidney
Fluid Mechanics 2nd Year Mechanical and Building Services Gerard Nagle Room 387 gerard.nagle@dit.ie Phone Number: 01 402 2904 Office Hours: Wednesday’s‚ 2.00pm to 5.00pm Fluids In every day life‚ we recognise three states of matter‚ Solid‚ Liquids and Gas. Although different in many respects‚ liquids and gases have a common characteristic in which they differ from solids; they are fluids‚ lacking the ability of solids to offer permanent resistance to a deforming force. Fluids flow under the
Premium Viscosity Shear stress Fluid
Introduction to Fluid Mechanics School of Civil Engineering‚ University of Leeds. CIVE1400 FLUID MECHANICS Dr Andrew Sleigh May 2001 Table of Contents 0. 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 CONTENTS OF THE MODULE Objectives: Consists of: Specific Elements: Books: Other Teaching Resources. Civil Engineering Fluid Mechanics System of units The SI System of units Example: Units 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 7 7 9 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 FLUIDS MECHANICS AND FLUID PROPERTIES Objectives of this section Fluids Causes
Premium Viscosity Shear stress Fluid
Ions‚ atoms and molecules are constantly in random motion; this is mainly marked in liquids and gases as they are further apart. When there is a small amount of molecules of a substance in an area and a large number is another area and they have no barrier between them the random motion causes numbers to even up; this is called diffusion. Diffusion is when molecules move from a high concentration to a low concentration. The concentration gradient is when the concentration is different for each
Premium Protein Diffusion Cell
CHAPTER 1: FLUID PROPERTIES LEARNING OUTCOMES At the end of this topic‚ you should be able to: Define Fluid State differences between solid and fluid Calculate common fluid properties: i. Mass density ii. Specific weight iii. Relative density iv. Dynamic viscosity v. Kinematic viscosity INTRODUCTION Fluid Mechanics Gas Liquids Statics i F 0 F 0 i Laminar/ Turbulent Dynamics ‚ Flows Compressible/ Incompressible Air‚ He‚ Ar‚ N2‚ etc. Water‚ Oils‚ Alcohols‚
Premium Viscosity Density Liquid
1.0). We choose points 1 and 2 at the free surfaces of the river and the tank‚ respectively. We note that the fluid at both points is open to the atmosphere (and thus P1 = P2 = Patm)‚ and the fluid velocity is 6 ft/s at point 1 and zero at point 2 (V1 = 6 ft/s and V2 =0). We take the free surface of the river as the reference level (z1 = 0). Then the energy equation for a control volume between these two points simplifies to P1 g 1 V12 2g z1 h pump‚ u P2 g 2 V 22 2g z2 h
Premium Fluid dynamics Viscosity Fluid mechanics
Fluid Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications‚ 2nd Edition Yunus A. Cengel‚ John M. Cimbala McGraw-Hill‚ 2010 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS Lecture slides by Mehmet Kanoglu Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies‚ Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Schlieren image showing the thermal plume produced by Professor Cimbala as he welcomes you to the fascinating world of fluid mechanics. 2 Objectives • Understand the basic concepts of Fluid Mechanics
Premium Fluid dynamics
Deficit Spending: The Deficit Good or Bad "Spending financed not by current tax receipts‚ but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves." ‚ Is it a good idea? Why does the U.S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say its a bad thing‚ and predict impending doom‚ others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. When the U.S. government came into existence and for about a 150 years thereafter the government managed to keep a balanced
Premium United States public debt Government debt Deficit
How important are fluids? Fluid replacement is probably the most important nutritional concern for athletes. Approximately 60% of your body weight is water. As you exercise‚ fluid is lost through your skin as sweat and through your lungs when you breathe. If this fluid is not replaced at regular intervals during exercise‚ you can become dehydrated. When you are dehydrated‚ you have a smaller volume of blood circulating through your body. Consequently‚ the amount of blood your heart
Premium Water Dehydration Sugar
Fiscal deficit In a system of indicative planning reliance‚ fiscal policy plays an instrumental role in the economy of any country. Planning Commission of India had pointed out in the Seventh Five Year Plan that‚ the “Fiscal policy has a multi-dimensional role” which “particularly aims at improving the growth performance of the economy and ensuring social justice to the people. However‚ when a fiscal policy is not used discreetly‚ it is likely to create a fiscal mess.....A fiscal imbalance requires
Premium Public finance Economics Keynesian economics