CHAPTER 4 PART II: VALUATION AND CAPITAL BUDGETING Discounted Cash Flow Valuation The signing of big-name athletes is often accompanied by great fanfare‚ but the numbers are often misleading. For example‚ in late 2010‚ catcher Victor Martinez reached a deal with the Detroit Tigers‚ signing a contract with a reported value of $50 million. Not bad‚ especially for someone who makes a living using the “tools of ignorance” (jock jargon for a catcher’s equipment). Another example is the contract signed
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Budgeting System Paper The performance budgeting system determines the programs output performance measures‚ the programs total costs and the costs per output or costs per unit of service. Advantages of the performance budgeting systems are that it provides information on the amount of service that is provided by a human service program and the attendant costs includes determining the cost per output or cost per unit of service and that they raise the level of debate from line-items to programs
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In general‚ public schools spend between 80 and 85 percent of their appropriated funds on personnel and benefits; in addition‚ the remaining 15 to 20 percent of these funds are impacted by educational mandates at the federal‚ state‚ and local levels (Ellerson‚ 2010). Therefore‚ educational leaders are experiencing an increase in the importance of intentional budgeting that improves instruction and promotes student achievement. The federal‚ state‚ and local levels of government are all involved
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CHAPTER 12 RISK TOPICS AND REAL OPTIONS IN CAPITAL BUDGETING FOCUS Traditional capital budgeting techniques compute point estimates of NPV and IRR with no measure of variability. Hence they don’t give managers the information necessary to include a tradeoff between risk and expected return in their decisions. This chapter is concerned with modern approaches to incorporating risk into capital budgeting. The techniques considered include probabilistic cash flows‚ risk adjusted discount rates
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Review of Capital Budgeting 1. The Kramer Tool Company has a photocopying machine that it purchased two years ago for $70‚000. The machine is being depreciated straight line over 5 years to a zero salvage value. A competing firm is offering a new photocopying machine that cost $60‚000 and can be depreciated over 5 years to a zero salvage value. Kramer has been assured that the new machine can be sold for $10‚000 after five years. The new machine requires less maintenance and operator attendance
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CAPITAL BUDGETING ANALYSIS To achieve success over time‚ a firm’s managers must identify and invest in projects that provide positive net present values to maximize shareholder wealth. Capital Budgeting Is the process of identifying‚ evaluating‚ and implementing a firms investment opportunities. Involves long-term projects Requires large initial investment Constructing plant and equipment Time frame maybe as short as a year or as long as twenty to thirty years The profitability of a firm
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Social Accountability Stocktaking Exercise FOR AFRICA GENDER BUDGETING INITIATIVE (GBI)‚ TANZANIA GENDER NETWOKING PROGRAMME (TGNP) TANZANIA |Methodology Type |Specify whether (i) PB‚ (ii) IBA‚ (iii) BPET‚ or (iv) PPM (can select more than one option as some SA | | |initiatives do not fit neatly into these categories) | |
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The budgeting process for nonprofit organizations can be very interesting. Good nonprofit leaders ask for input before finalizing a nonprofit’s budget. One reason to ensure everyone has a voice in the budget process is because at the end of the day everyone will own the final budget. By owning I mean everyone will be held to the budget that is approved so it makes sense to get everyone involved in the process. It makes sense for staff to request their own expense increases or decreases because no
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CAPITAL BUDGETING DECISION Clark Paints To look into possible ways to trim total poduction costs. Make or purchase paint cans? Cost of new equipment Disposal value Life production - number of cans Annual production or purchase needs - number of cans Project life $ $ 200‚000 40‚000 5‚500‚000 1‚100‚000 5 years Number of workers needed Annual work-hours per employee Earnings per hour for employees Other annual benefits per employee - % of wages Annual health benefits per employee
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Capital budgeting (or investment appraisal) is the planning process used to determine whether an organization ’s long term investments such as new machinery‚ replacement machinery‚ new plants‚ new products‚ and research development projects are worth pursuing. It is budget for major capital‚ or investment‚ expenditures.[1] Many formal methods are used in capital budgeting‚ including the techniques such as * Accounting rate of return * Payback period * Net present value * Profitability
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