CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION Federalism as it were‚ originated during the colonial epoch beginning with the amalgamation of the Northern and Southern Protectorates in 1914. It was introduced into Nigeria precisely by the 1946 Richardson constitution. The constitution introduced regionalism into Nigeria for the first time‚ establishing regional assemblies in addition to the already existing central legislature. However‚ the regional houses remained only as deliberative and advisory bodies having
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Public Policy for ANIMAL WELFARE in INDIA. Issues‚ Challenges and Recommendations Submitted by – DR. PUNIT G. (PGP-2)‚ IIMA. ARTICLE 51 of INDIAN CONSTITUTION Article 51 of Indian constitution provides protection to animals in India by ensuring “Compassion to all living creatures”. For ensuring the same‚ PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS act was enacted in 1960 under which the Government of India instituted the ANIMAL WELFARE BOARD of INDIA for carrying out the activities mentioned in
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two most serious disadvantages of the federal system? How could these disadvantages be overcome? -A serious disadvantage is the contradiction of policies in different states‚ for example the education policies and assessments; this can cause extra inequality between states. -Another serious disadvantage is the neglect in important areas of public policy. For example the Murray River system‚ which depends on the cooperation of states. These disadvantages can be overcome by collaborating together
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There are different forms of federalism‚ with the amount of component units varying from one country to another. There are fifty units in United States‚ which is dissimilar in size and wealth. Besides that‚ different units have different levels of centralization. Federalism can be presidential system or parliamentary system. The US uses a presidential system of federalism. The US Supreme Court is in charge of resolving conflicts between the federal government and its constituent units. Even the US
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important in a particular situation poses a serious challenge. Child welfare experts constantly struggle to balance the risk of causing psychological damage to children by removing them from their families with the risk of exposing them to physical harm by leaving them with abusive parents or guardians. This decision is especially difficult when the evidence of abuse is unclear. Ideology and Values One law of child welfare policy that many people have opposed is the Adam Walsh Act. This law‚ which
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FEDERALISM IN INDIA Federalism is a basic feature of the Constitution of India in which the Union of India is permanent and indestructible. Both the Centre and the States are co-operating and coordinating institutions having independence and ought to exercise their respective powers with mutual adjustment‚ respect‚ understanding and accommodation. Tension and conflict of the interests of the Centre and the respective units is an integral part of federalism. Prevention as well as amelioration of conflicts
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FEDERALISM IN MALAYSIA By: Iffa Syafiqa Introduction The existence of federalism in Malaysian history dates back in 1895 during the establishment of the Federated Malay States which are the ‘Protected States’ of Selangor‚ Negeri Sembilan‚ Pahang and Perak. Federation of Malaya then came later in 1948 with the unification of the nine Malay states and Settlements of Penang and Malacca by the British. Federal principle was described by K.C. Wheare as "the method of dividing powers so that the general
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Meaning that each government level separate from other where the two of them work in their own hemisphere without sharing roles and duties. Cooperative Federalism: is a model of federalism in which the states and the federal government cooperate in solving problems. This type of federalism is often called “marble cake federalism” because it is based on a mix of state‚ national and local
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concerns with the harmful effects of factions.(Madison James‚”The federalist no.10” .1787‚ A21)A faction is a group with a distinct political interests.(Wilson‚ James Q. and Dilulio‚ John J. “the essentials American Government‚ institutions and policies”‚ 12th edition‚ page 32) Factions can be compromised by a majority or minority of people‚ aiming for a common goal. Hence‚ factions must be controlled‚ since the goal might be contrary to the interests of other people‚ thereby affecting their individual
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Reading Wanna‚ J 2007‚ Improving Federalism: Drivers of Change‚ Repair Options and Reform Scenarios‚ The Australian Journal of Public Administration‚ vol. 66‚ no. 3‚ pp 275-279. Purpose The author aims to inform the readers of the impediments and declining condition of the current system of Australian Federalism‚ he provides evidence for the need to change and provides reforms on how to make governance work better to provide improved policy outcomes for the Australian community. Argument/Finding
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