“The parties to an executory contract are often faced‚ in the course of carrying it out‚ with a turn of events which they did not at all anticipate – a wholly abnormal rise or fall in prices‚ a sudden depreciation of currency‚ an unexpected obstacle to the execution‚ or the like. Yet this does not in itself affect the bargain which they have made…” (per Lord Simon in British Movietonews Ltd. v. London and District Cinemas [1952] A.C. 166 at 185). Discuss this dictum and explain the respects in
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THE LAW OF CONTRACT IN GHANA (These notes have mainly been culled from Mrs. Christine Dowuona Hammond’s seminal work on the Law of Contracts.) INTRODUCTION Contracts are made by people every day‚ whether the parties recognise it or not. Each time one spends money on anything – a bus ticket‚ an airline ticket‚ a pair of shoes‚ a meal in a restaurant‚ laundry services‚ books‚ or signs a lease‚ etc. one concludes a valid and legally binding contract. Contracts may be oral or written;
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It is trite law that an insurer under a contract of indemnity insurance‚ who has satisfied the claim of the insured‚ is entitled to be placed in the insured’s position in respect of all rights and remedies against other parties which were vested in the insured in relation to the subject-matter of the insurance1. Where the insured has proceeded against the third party after the insurer had paid out the claim and without the insurer’s authority as happened in Visser v Incorporated General Insurances
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CONTRACT LAW – LECTURE 4 Promissory estoppel Is about the enforceability of all alteration promises (promises to pay more and promises to accept less) and by contrast estoppels does not apply to promises about the formation of initial contracts Ex. If a creditor promises to accept a smaller sum in full settlement intending the debtor to rely on that promise‚ and the debtor does rely on it‚ the debtor may have a defence of promissory estoppels when sued for the balance by the creditor. The promise
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consideration. Promissory estoppel like proprietary estoppel is popular types of equitable estoppel. The importance of equitable estoppel was stated in Crabb V. Arun DC (1976) 1 Ch 179 that “equity comes in........ to mitigate the rigours of strict law.......... it prevents a person from insisting on his strict legal rights.... when it would be inequitable for him to do so having regards to the dealings which has taken place between the parties”. An example of promissory estoppel is where A promises
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Judicial precedent is based upon the Latin maxim "stare decisis" which loosely translates into "stand by what has been decided and do not unsettle the established". Judicial precedent is the source of law where past decisions of the judges create law for future judges to follow‚ this law can be found in judgement that is binding. Ratio Decidendi is the part of the judgement that is binding. In the English legal system‚ higher courts bind lower courts so lower courts have to follow the past decisions
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF THE LAW OF CONTRACT INTRODUCTION Definition S.2(h) Contract Act 1950 : An agreement enforceable by law. Legally binding between parties. 2 INTRODUCTION (continue..) (a) (b) Legislation governing contracts: Contracts Act 1950 English Law - By virtue of S.5 of the Civil Law Act (When there are no provisions in the Contract Act) 3 INTRODUCTION (continue..) 4 OFFER / PROPOSAL Definition S. 2(a) Contracts Act “When one person signifies
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CONTRACT AND RELATED OBLIGATION Prof. Hillman I) Theories of Obligation A) CONTRACT: Agreement with Consideration – Bargain Theory of Consideration Definition: A promise that is supported by consideration because the promisor gets something (extracts) from the promissee in exchange for the promise. Ex: I tell Alice I will sell her my piano for 400 dollars and she agrees. I promised my piano in exchange for something (400 dollars) therefore my promise is enforceable. 1) Bargained
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Court Court of Common Pleas Citation(s) (1862) 11 Cb (NS) 869; [1862] EWHC CP J35; 142 ER 1037 Transcript(s) Full text of judgment Judge(s) sitting Willes J‚ Byles J and Keating J Felthouse v Bindley (1862) EWHC CP J 35‚ is the leading English contract law case on the rule that one cannot impose an obligation on another to reject one ’s offer. This is sometimes misleadingly expressed as a rule that "silence cannot amount to acceptance". Later the case has been rethought‚ because it appeared that
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A contract intends to formalize an agreement of two or more parties‚ in relation to a particular subject. Contracts can cover an extremely broad range of matters including the sale of goods or real property‚ the terms of employment or of an independent contractor relationship‚ the settlement of a dispute and ownership of intellectual property developed as part of work for hire. Essential Elements of a Contract * Clear certain and communicated agreement. Meaning that the parties are consensus
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