1 ABSTRACT Distillation is a process by which one liquid can be separated from another liquid‚ or a liquid from a nonvolatile solid. In this experiment‚ the distillations of cyclohexane and toluene mixture were carried out. The purpose of this experiment is to compare the efficiency of simple distillation versus fractional distillation for separation of a mixture of toluene and cyclohexane. The mixture was first separated using simple distillation. A simple distillation apparatus was set
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chemical synthesis: extraction of crude caffeine pose little toxicity to human health and the environment.(1) Q2) Things not green: According to GCP# 5 i.e. Safer solvent and auxiliaries: In liquid-liquid extraction of caffeine‚ Dicholoromethane was used which is a hazardous chemical and have potential acute health effects(2). According to GCP#12 i.e. Inherent safer chemistry for accident prevention: The separatory funnels used in the experiment for liquid-liquid extraction was a dangerous procedure
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21.1 (2013)15-68 brill.aim/himii The Origins of Fossil Capital: From Water to Steam in the British Cotton Industry* Andreas Malm Human Ecology Division/LUCID‚ Lund University Andreas.Malm@lucid.lu.se Abstract The process commonly referred to as business-as-usual has given rise to dangerous climate change‚ but its social history remains strangely unexplored. A key moment in its onset was the transition to steam power as a source of rotary motion in commodity production‚ in Britain
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EXTRACTION OF INVERTASE FROM YEAST AND EFFECT OF pH ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY Jenelle C. Faustino‚ John Gambit B. Garcia‚ Fatima S. Jusay‚ Oliver Alexander B. Lao and Eunice L. Licudine Group 4 2 E Medical Technology Biochemistry Laboratory ABSTRACT Enzymes are substances that are produced by living organisms and act as catalysts in order to speed up or chance a chemical reaction without changing itself at the end of the reaction. Invertase was extracted first from baker’s yeast. Determination
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Experiment 2: Fractional Distillation of a Mixture of Two Unknowns Background: Boiling is a process familiar to anyone who has cooked pasta or brewed tea. As heat is applied to a pan of water‚ the temperature of the water increases until it reaches 100°C (212°F). At this temperature‚ additional heat causes the water to bubble vigorously as the liquid water is converted into gaseous water‚ or steam. Most organic liquids will behave in a similar fashion. On heating‚ the temperature of the liquid
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DISTILLATION HISTORY • Distilling was used as early as 3500 BC in Mesopotamia where perfume makers had developed it as a technique for isolating the scented oils of flowers and plants‚ what we know as “attar”. • Around 1100 AD wine was first distilled to make spirit by Irish monks who travelled around Europe. • The results of distillation were considered to have magical powers and this led to alcohol being called “water of life” or “usige beatha” in Gaelic‚ “eau de vie” in French
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DNA EXTRACTION FROM KIWI ISGR SCIENCE Aalah Yousif‚ Ella Sobek April 27‚ 2012 Background All living organisms (plants‚ animals‚ and bacteria) are made up of cells. Any cell consists of many parts but the parts that play the key roles are the nucleus‚ cell membrane‚ and cytoplasm. The nucleus is like the “brain” of the cell (that also contains DNA). The cell membrane is like a wall that guards the cell. And the cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance which contains other smaller organelles like
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EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM ONIONS ABSTRACT The purpose of the experiment was to experience firsthand the isolation of DNA form a plant tissue without destroying its structure and sequence. A white onion was used for the experiment. After several processes‚ DNA isolate was the visible result. Different chemical tests were performed on the DNA isolate‚ namely: Dische Test‚ Murexide Test‚ Wheeler-Johnson test and Test for Phosphate. Visible results were then noted. INTRODUCTION DNA (deoxyribonucleic
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keep you all. Amen. ABSTRACT The extraction of pectin from orange peels has been studied at different sample to solvent ratios‚ different PHs and with different extraction techniques using water. The amount of pectin extracted reduces as the PH increased. This research work is been carried out in order to determine the process condition that will result in high yield of pectin and residual oil extracted from orange peels using the methanol pre-treatment to extract orange
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