chemical synthesis: extraction of crude caffeine pose little toxicity to human health and the environment.(1) Q2) Things not green: According to GCP# 5 i.e. Safer solvent and auxiliaries: In liquid-liquid extraction of caffeine‚ Dicholoromethane was used which is a hazardous chemical and have potential acute health effects(2). According to GCP#12 i.e. Inherent safer chemistry for accident prevention: The separatory funnels used in the experiment for liquid-liquid extraction was a dangerous procedure
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EXTRACTION OF INVERTASE FROM YEAST AND EFFECT OF pH ON ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY Jenelle C. Faustino‚ John Gambit B. Garcia‚ Fatima S. Jusay‚ Oliver Alexander B. Lao and Eunice L. Licudine Group 4 2 E Medical Technology Biochemistry Laboratory ABSTRACT Enzymes are substances that are produced by living organisms and act as catalysts in order to speed up or chance a chemical reaction without changing itself at the end of the reaction. Invertase was extracted first from baker’s yeast. Determination
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DNA EXTRACTION FROM KIWI ISGR SCIENCE Aalah Yousif‚ Ella Sobek April 27‚ 2012 Background All living organisms (plants‚ animals‚ and bacteria) are made up of cells. Any cell consists of many parts but the parts that play the key roles are the nucleus‚ cell membrane‚ and cytoplasm. The nucleus is like the “brain” of the cell (that also contains DNA). The cell membrane is like a wall that guards the cell. And the cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance which contains other smaller organelles like
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Extraction of caffeine from tea bags ABSTRACT Caffeine extraction from the commercial tea leaves (Lipton Yellow Label Tea) that was done is multiple extraction. 4 tea bags were used in the experiment; tea leaves were weighed having 8.5333 grams. The leaves were boiled in a beaker with 150ml of water; the aqueous tea extract was transferred in a seperatory funnel mixed with DCM (20ml)‚ done thrice. The DCM layer was washed with 20ml 6M NaOH in the seperatory funnel; the organic layer was dried
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Extraction of Caffeine from Thea sinensis Abstract Extraction of Caffeine from Thea sinensis main objective is to isolate‚ purify characterized caffeine from tea leaves. Sublimation technique was used to get the % yield which is 0.07%. The melting point of the standard caffeine with the sublimate is 229°C. Introduction The active ingredient that makes tea and coffee valuable to humans is caffeine. Caffeine is an alkaloid; a class of naturally occurring compounds containing nitrogen and
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EXTRACTION OF DNA FROM ONIONS ABSTRACT The purpose of the experiment was to experience firsthand the isolation of DNA form a plant tissue without destroying its structure and sequence. A white onion was used for the experiment. After several processes‚ DNA isolate was the visible result. Different chemical tests were performed on the DNA isolate‚ namely: Dische Test‚ Murexide Test‚ Wheeler-Johnson test and Test for Phosphate. Visible results were then noted. INTRODUCTION DNA (deoxyribonucleic
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Collecting Photosynthetic Rates in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Introduction: The purpose of this study was to see which light color would cause the spinach sample to photosynthesize the most within the given time. In order to understand photosynthesis‚ we need to know that chloroplasts absorb light energy from the sun‚ the plant then takes that energy along with water and carbon dioxide and changes it to sugar and oxygen. This happens in order for the plants to grow. But‚ light energy comes in a
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where the chloroplast organelle produces “chlorophyll molecules forming a light harvesting complex absorbing that energy‚ exciting electrons” ((n.d.). Retrieved March 22‚ 2018‚ from https://msu.edu/user/morleyti/sun/Biology/lightreactions.html)‚ absorbing specific wavelengths for why we can see such a colorful environment. And sugar molecules are produced. In this experiment‚ trials were conducted to test hypothesis of whether all 40 circular spinach leaves would arise or stay at ground level in differential
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In this experiment spinach‚ DPIP‚ phosphate solutions were placed under various filters and the percent orange light transmittance through the solution was measured to determine the rate of photosynthesis. This experiment was set up to discover how different wavelengths of light affect the rate of photosynthesis in a spinach‚ DPIP‚ phosphate solution. I proposed that the spinach‚ DPIP‚ phosphate solution under no filter‚ and therefore exposed to all light will have a highest percent orange light
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There has been much debate in recent years among politicians‚ military officials‚ and civilians on whether or not the U.S. should be fully withdrawn from Afghanistan‚ regardless of the country’s economic and military capabilities. There has also been a proposed timetable‚ which President Obama says is in effect and currently being executed‚ to have up to ninety percent of our military personnel out of the country by no later than 2014. It is imperative that we extract our forces out of Afghanistan
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