There are two main biological theories which explain the assumed causes of schizophrenia: Genetic and Dopamine Hypothesis. Research by Mikaywa et al has found that there must be a genetic explanation of schizophrenia due to the fact that concordance rates for environmental causes are not 100%. Also Mikaywa noticed that schizophrenia runs in the family‚ meaning there must be something other than environmental causes‚ causing the disorder. What Mikaywa studied was DNA from human families who were
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for human understanding of the world are examined‚ many similarities can be seen. These differences and similarities can also be seen when products of explanations are assessed. When scientific and historical explanations are compared one can see many similarities. Empirical evidence are used in both scientific and historical explanations. For example‚ scientists have found a viable model of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) replication through empirical evidence. In 1958‚ Matthew Meselsohn and
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Discuss a cognitive explanation of gender development. Refer to at least one other explanation of gender development in your answer. (10 marks) The cognitive approach to explaining gender focuses on how the child understands gender. Its how the mental processes enable a child to learn sex-role. Cognitive psychologists believe this happens through a process of gradually developing this understanding. The first psychologist to suggest the cognitive approach to gender development was Lawrence Kohlberg
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Outline and evaluate one or more social psychological theories of aggression (8+16 marks) One social psychological theory of aggression is Bandura’s social learning theory‚ in which he combines both social and cognitive psychology in his social cognitive perspective of human behaviour. Bandura believed that behaviour was not only motivated by psychological factors but also by more socio-environmental factors. He argued that the individual and the environment were linked‚ something which he called
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Outline and evaluate one or more biological explanations of schizophrenia (8 marks AO1/16 marks AO1) Schizophrenia is classified as a mental disorder that shows profound disruption of cognition and emotion which affects a person’s language‚ perception‚ thought and sense of self. The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenic’s neurones transmitting dopamine release the neurotransmitter too easily‚ leading to the characteristic symptoms of schizophrenia. This hypothesis
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Outline and evaluate restoration theory as an explanation of the function of sleep (8+16 marks) Sleep is believed to function as a means of restoring the biological system to a better working order this is the basis of the restoration theory‚ Sleep is divided into several different stages such as SWS‚ and REM sleep‚ Oswald proposed that each of these sleep stages has a different restorative function. SWS enables the body to repair itself and REM enables brain recovery and memory consolidation
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the individual never receives a signal (feeling hungry) to begin feeding‚ if the VMH were damaged then the individual would receive a constant signal to eat so they would never stop feeding. This supports the idea that AN might have a biological explanation‚ specifically brain dysfunction. Anand and Brobeck conducted an experiment involving the rats‚ they found that if the LH was damaged it could lead to aphagia (this is a failure to eat when hungry)‚ this provides support for the idea that damage
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Assess sociological explanations of science and ideology as belief systems (33 marks) A belief system is a set of ideas that a person uses to make sense of the world around us. Science can be defined as a way of looking at the natural world‚ which is systematic‚ objective and capable of generating universal laws. Ideology is a systematic set of beliefs‚ which serve the interests of a social group in society. It is often associated with the ‘power’ and the ability of those at the top of the society
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Outline and evaluate the social learning theory as an explanation of aggression (24) According to the social learning theory there are multiple ways of learning behaviours‚ such as aggression. One way of learning behaviours is through observation and some psychologists have claimed children primarily learn aggressive behaviours observing role models (someone who is similar to the child or in a position of power‚ of who the child can copy behaviour from). For example‚ children may learn aggression
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Outline and evaluate biological explanations for schizophrenia (8+16marks). It has been showed that schizophrenia has a tendency to run in different families. This implies that genes play a role. The closer the genetic relationship the more likely the people are to share the disorder. Gottesman (1991) showed that when both parents are schizophrenic‚ there is a 46% chance of the child also getting it‚ however‚ if only one parent had it‚ it dropped to 16% and dropped to a further 1% when the sibling
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