Nizhny Novgorod Branch Law faculty The Department of Constitutional and Administrative Law Essay Topic: Freedom of contract in English Contract law Written by 10 Ю-3 group student Buzhak A.S. Under supervision of Popova T. P. PhD‚ docent Nizhniy Novgorod‚ 2013 Contract law is designed to protect not only the contractor‚ but also the consumer. Freedom to contract is the freedom of individuals and corporations to form contracts without government restrictions
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LAW in general means any rule of action and includes any standard or pattern to which actions are or ought to be confirmed. In its judicial sense‚ ‘law’ means a body of rules of conduct‚ action or behavior of persons‚ made and enforced by the State. It expresses a rule of human action. In the present age law pervades all the spheres of human activities and the State seeks to regulate them through the instrumentality of law. The law therefore‚ has to play a positive role in regulating human conduct
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Intro and formation of contracts . Basic Legal Contract Principles People have a right to contract – conduct is voluntary. Anything that takes away voluntariness is questionable‚ e.g.‚ duress‚ economic duress‚ fraud‚ coercion. People have right to breach. But must place other party in the same position for which they contracted‚ so must pay them damages. If legal remedy does not work and P is entitled to be placed into performance‚ then must order specific performance. Specific performance
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Islamic Contract Law TYPES OF COMMITMENTS 1. Wa‘d – • • • – وunilateral promise One party binds itself to perform a function for another Does not normally create legal obligation Legal obligation is created: • • Genuine need of the masses – (ر Contingent promise ا س )رد ا ز ن ز ا إذ ا 2. Muwaa‘ada – ا ة • • • • – bilateral promise Two parties performing two unilateral promises on the same subject Use of two unilateral promises can lead to a forward contract‚ which
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CONTRACT & AGENCY LAW END-OF-COURSE ASSESSMENT JULY 2012 PRESENTATION Submission Date : 08 Sept 2012 Question 1: Legal issues: As there are different parts to “Clause 8” in the employment contract which Julia as an employee has signed with Calypso Private Limited‚ we shall examine four separate legal issues. The first legal issue is whether Calypso is able to enforce part (a) of Clause 8 which states that Julia shall not be directly or indirectly
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res ipsa loquitur- the facts speak for themselves It means that the plaintiff can prima facie establish negligence where the facts are so obvious that somebody must be negligent otherwise the accident would not have happen. In the common law of negligence‚ the doctrine of res ipsa loquitur (Latin: the thing speaks for itself) states that the elements of duty of care and breach can be sometimes inferred from the very nature of the accident‚ even without direct evidence of how any defendant
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Formation of Contract 2 Offer ............................................................................................................... 2 Acceptance ................................................................................................... 4 Certainty ........................................................................................................5 Consideration ............................................................................................... 6
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The existence of contract law is to prevent any sort of illegal behaviour‚ injustice and to clarify any confusion or misunderstanding amongst the offerror and the offeree. Everybody in this world is an offeree as we all purchase goods and services to meet our personal needs and if our expectations are not met‚ there is a problem which is why the contract is created for both parties to follow. However‚ if either of them fails to do so‚ then they are in breach of contract and the aggrieved party has
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CONTRACT LAW NOTES It is a legal enforceable agreement entered into by two or more different persons with legal capacity. The parties should have serious intention to create legally binding obligations. Their agreement needs to be within parities’ contractual capacity. Furthermore‚ parties should communicate such intention without vagueness each to the other and being of the same mind to the subject matter. Essentials of a contract a) it should be lawful b) possible of performance c) within
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unknowingly enter into series of contracts. This may be in the form of purchasing an article from a shop or by purchasing a railway ticket or by numerous ways. In modern societies‚ because of increasing complexity‚ there has been a practice of concluding contracts in standard form. One such instance of a standard form of contract is contract of insurance. Thus‚ standard form of contracts are those kinds of contracts were parties do not sit together to bargain the terms of the contract. One problem that is likely
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