SONET described as the Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) was designed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for the USA public telephone network in the mid-1980s. With the forced breakup of American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) in the United States this created numerous regional telephone companies. The companies quickly encountered network difficulties working together and alone. With the introduction of fiber optic cabling for long distance voice traffic transmission‚ the
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* SONET Digital Hierarchy * Synchronous Optical Networking (SONET) is a standardized multiplexing protocol that transfers multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or light emitting diodes (LEDs). SONET was designed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for the USA public telephone network in the mid 1980’’s due to the breakup of AT&T. With the breakup‚ numerous regional telephone companies were created and those companies encountered network problems working
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Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Survey Report Objective: To conduct a survey on the SDH technology and its implementation in Pakistan SUBMITTED TO: SIR MUHAMMAD RAMZAN Saman Ishtiaq Malik (Reg No. 206) Shumaila Batool (Reg No. 209) Sumaira Shamim (Reg No. 212) Hira Jafri (Reg No. 214) Yumna Ghazi (Reg No. 217) Zonera Tahir (Reg No. 220) 0|Page Certificate of Originality We hereby declare that this submission is our own work and to the best of our knowledge of belief‚
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Discuss some of the different perspectives on motivation‚ and explain which perspective you find most compelling‚ and why. Using the perspective you found most compelling‚ describe how managers might utilize that perspective to motivate workers where you work or an organization with which you are familiar. Motivation has been studied and analyzed and thus many theories address its role in the organizational structure. The main perspective on motivation or the willingness to perform are lumped in
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can be optimized for an organiza tion. 1 [Turn Over (b) (c) Describe briefly the following: (i) quality planning (ii) quality audit Describe with suitable diagram‚ how quality can be controlled in a production environment. Wha t are the functions of a quality control department ? 3. Attempt any two parts of the following: (10x2=20) (a) For the past six days‚ samples (weights) were --/taken for a process. Using the data given‚ create mean and range control charts for
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Chapter (11) Synchronous Motors Introduction It may be recalled that a d.c. generator can be run as a d.c. motor. In like manner‚ an alternator may operate as a motor by connecting its armature winding to a 3-phase supply. It is then called a synchronous motor. As the name implies‚ a synchronous motor runs at synchronous speed (Ns = 120f/P) i.e.‚ in synchronism with the revolving field produced by the 3-phase supply. The speed of rotation is‚ therefore‚ tied to the frequency of the source. Since
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A passive optical network (PON) is a telecommunications network that uses point-to-multipoint fiber to the premises in which unpowered optical splitters are used to enable a single optical fiber to serve multiple premises. A PON consists of an optical line terminal (OLT) at the service provider’s central office and a number of optical network units (ONUs) near end users. A PON reduces the amount of fiber and central office equipment required compared with point-to-point architectures. A passive optical
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1.1 SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR THEORY The synchronous generator‚ like all generators works on the principle that when a coil is placed in varying magnetic field‚ an emf is induced in the coil. Synchronous Generator consists of two main windings‚ the armature winding and the field winding. The armature winding is on the stator and the field winding is on the rotor. For a three phase generator‚ the windings of each phase of the armature are displaces by 120 degrees from each other around the inside periphery
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 3 MATLAB SIMULATION 4 DISCUSSION 8 REFERENCE 10 INTRODUCTION Synchronous generators or alternators are synchronous machines used to convert mechanical power to ac electric power. Nowadays‚ an isolated synchronous generator supplying its own load independently of other generators is very rare. Such a situation is found in only a few out-of-the-way applications such as emergency generators. For all usual generator applications‚ there is more than one generator
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OPTICAL PACKET SWITCHING Kunal K Mehta(11BEC107) Electronics and communication branch Institute of Technology‚ Nirma University Ahmedabad 11bec107@nirmauni.ac.in Abstract: Optical packet switching promises to bring the flexibility and efficiency of Internet to transparent optical networking technology with bit rate extending beyond that is currently available with electronic router technologies. New optical signal processing have been demonstrated that enable routing at bit rates from
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