B1 – Ethics‚ fraud and internal control at Bern Fly Company The main purpose that a good internal control must fulfil is to protect the firm’s assets from fraud and theft. As we can see from the description of Bern Fly Company’s case‚ the internal control within the company leaves much to be desired. As it can be read in the case the salespersons get commission promptly after each order taken by their customers without any control to check if that order is real or only a fictitious one. This
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Traditional versus New Concepts Analysis of Command and Control and their relationship with Leadership provides base for further examination of Command and Control relevance. In this section the validity of both traditional and new concepts will be scrutinized through the discussion how they can be applied in dealing with complex problems presented by contemporary operational environment and in support of achieving the higher tempo or shorter OODA loop that is critical for success dealing with other
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Revolution brought about significant changes‚ both within the United States and globally. Some of the key changes include: 1. What is the difference between a. and a. **Independence**: The most obvious change was that the thirteen American colonies gained independence from British rule. This established the United States as a sovereign nation. 2. What is the difference between a’smart’ and a’smart’? **Political Systems**: The Revolution led to the creation of a new government system based on democratic principles
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Justification for an Internal Control System Organizations that do not have the proper internal controls tend to deteriorate over time. Therefore‚ companies should incorporate effective internal control systems to accompany other risk management approaches like insurance and risk portfolio. Internal Control Systems can provide an additional reference tool for organizations to identify and assess operating controls‚ financial reporting‚ and regulatory compliance processes and to formulate preventive
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system of ‘internal control (I.C).’ (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Management not the auditor must establish and maintain the entity’s of control. (Alvin J.‚ James K.‚ W. Morley‚ Ingrid B.‚ 2000). According to Spicer and Pegler‚ “internal control is best regarded as indicating the whole system of controls‚ financial and otherwise estimated by the management in the conduct of a business including internal check‚ internal audit and other form of controls.” (D.P. Jain‚ 1993). Larry F. (2002) defines internal control
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Difference between private and public company structure under the Corporations Act Governance Foundations (1) Types of companies Public vs private Type of company Differences in regulation Regulated by Percentage of registrations - Limited by shares Sub-classified as small or large ASIC - Unlimited with share capital Small = Can be any size; some are very large - consolidated gross operating revenue < $25m - consolidated gross asset value < $12.5m The majority of registered companies
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Financial Statements for Internal Reporting Purposes vs. Financial Statements for External Reporting Purposes It is common in most companies to maintain two set of financial statements; one being used/presented for internal reporting purposes and another for reporting externally. Internal reports are used primarily to aid management in the decision making process throughout the course of the business. These are subject to internal audit to make sure that all information reported are fair and correct
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Obtaining an understanding of internal control allows auditor’s to identify the types of material misstatements that could occur in the financial statements‚ consider the factors that affect the risk of material misstatements‚ and design substantive tests. An auditor obtains the understanding from researching the clients business. An auditor will take inquires from management and personnel‚ observe client activities and operations‚ walk-through the business‚ and inspect client documents and records
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“Differences between state and private universities” The universities which are run by the state are called state-run universities. Students don’t have to pay much. They enjoy facilities more than their payment. The state bears the major portion of the expense. The campuses of the state-run universities are spacious. There’re residential halls‚ play ground for the students. The students of state-run universities enjoy all the physical facilities the university which is governed by a governing
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from the company and fully intend to return the assets at a future date‚ or a belief that the company doesn’t really “need” the assets and won’t even realize they are missing. In the context of facility management and property management‚ the risk of fraud does not usually relate to theft of real property‚ inventory‚ or other physical assets‚ but rather to the misappropriation of cash. These risks include the diversion of funds such as rental payments prior to their receipt by the company‚ or by
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