Token economy programmes are a form of behaviour modification based on the principles of operant conditioning. They are used in prisons to encourage the reduction of anti-social behaviour and criminal behaviour; they involve awarding tokens to offenders if a desired behaviour is performed. The tokens may then be exchanged for various rewards. The aim is for the desired behaviour to be repeated. As a treatment it involves setting out a range of desirable behaviours and reinforcing the offender whenever
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Environment - how can you help protect it? Our planet is in trouble! Almost every day we seem to hear of yet another problem affecting the environment - and what a list of problems! - pollution‚ acid rain‚ climate change‚ the destruction of rainforests and other wild habitats‚ the decline and extinction of thousands of species of animals and plants....and so on. Nowadays‚ most of us know that these threats exist and that humans have caused them. Many of us are very worried about the future of our
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worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s. The global crisis affected the entire world economy‚ with higher detriment in some countries than others. It resulted in the threat of total collapse of large financial institutions‚ the bailout of banks by national governments‚ and downturns in stock markets around the world. In many areas‚ the housing market also suffered‚ resulting in evictions‚ foreclosures and prolonged unemployment. The crisis played a significant role in the failure
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How can technology help small business? Innovations in technology have improved operations at companies of all sizes and helped turn small local businesses into global businesses. A number of tools and resources are available to help small business owners make the most of technology to become more efficient. It’s about taking the old way of doing things‚ and applying the power of your network to work as a team. * Communication: Cell phones have become small business necessities for owners
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EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AUSTRALIA’S BUDGET DEFICIT AND DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES Project Topic Area: Budget deficits and interest rates Class: ECON3007 Intermediate Econometrics Date: May 31‚ 2013. Abstract This paper examines the empirical relationship between Australia’s federal budget underlying cash balance and the real interbank rate. Results from the period 1976-2013 suggest xxxx Contents Page
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Recession One of the most commonly used term nowadays is “recession”. We read about it in newspapers an year ago‚ then heard about it in television 3-4 months back and now we are getting a feel of what exactly it is. Recession is not a new phenomenon‚ it last happened in America during 2002-2003 and many times before that also. But what makes this recession so fearsome is its magnitude and the countries which are being affected by it. What started out as a bursting of housing bubble soon crippled
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But it did crash a couple of years ago and it’s now trying to recover from this. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is usually a quite good indicator of the standards of living of a country. It can be measured in two ways: The total expenditure on goods and services or by the total of income earned by producing goods and services. The actual GDP of the United States is 14 62 trillions of US dollars‚ that is a growth of 2.7% from last year. But to have a better idea of the standard of living of a country
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The overall economy condition of Australia Australia’s economy has experienced positive reforms over the last two decades. These reforms have boosted the country’s economy and raised the country’s standard of living. In 2009‚ Australia was the 13th largest economy by nominal GDP of US$930.8 billion (Wikipedia). Positively engaged in world trade‚ Australia is ranked the 21st largest importer and 23rd largest exporter in the world (Economy Watch 2009). Export commodities are: coal‚ iron ore‚ gold
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Three ways the Federal Reserve Bank can change the money supply. One way the Federal Reserve Bank can change the money supply is by purchasing U.S. government securities from financial institutions. They can create “funds” or credits on their balance sheets in exchange for the securities. The second policy the Federal Reserve can use is the discount rate. This is the interest-rate the Federal Reserve charge banks for their loans. They can either increase or decrease this rate to encourage or discourage
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Legalizing Marijuana Can Help Boost The Economy Marijuana is a drug commonly used today by teenagers and young adults. Most people don’t acknowledge marijuana as being a drug. People use marijuana to escape from their problems‚ while others may use it just for a feeling of relaxation. Although these are not the only reasons people use marijuana‚ these are two of the most common reasons. Many people try to come up with reasons against the use of marijuana. However‚ the effects of marijuana are not
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