Managerial economics Definition * economics * ADAM SMITH - According to ADAM SMITH (Father of economics)‚ economics is the “science of wealth”. According to him the acquisition of wealth is the main objective of human activity. Therefore it is necessary to study how wealth is produced. This is the subject mater of the economics… * ALFERED MARSHELL: - According to ALFERED MARSHELL‚” political economy or economics is the study of means and action in the ordinary business of life
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made to combat criticism and gain credibility by preventing fraudulent accounting. Accountants ought to be able to maintain impartiality and independence to create a clear‚ credible and unbiased audit. Hence‚ the ethical principles are considered important. This is because the work of accountants requires a high level of ethics since the financial statements prepared and verified by auditors reflect the true and current financial performance of the company‚ in which the management heavily relies on
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Nature of Accounting and the Accounting Standard Background Accounting is an important part for business and it is dubbed “language” of business activities conducted by firms. People think it is used to communicate business transactions per se to all stakeholders. However‚ some people argue that the functions of accounting are not that easy. Except the communication tool‚ accounting acts as many other difference roles in business. When doing accounting‚ different standard may be used. There are
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The lecture last night discussed accrual accounting concepts such as timing issues‚ and the basics of adjusting entries. The discussion went into more detail on periodicity assumption and how accounting divides the economic life of a business into artificial time periods. These time periods are generally a month‚ a quarter‚ or a year‚ now whether it is a fiscal year or a calendar year that is determined by the company itself. The lecture then reviews the revenue recognition principle which expects
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Chapter 5 Accounting for Merchandising Operations Chapter Summary Merchandising Operations • A merchandising company is an enterprise that buys and sells goods to earn a profit. • Measuring net income for a merchandising company is the same as for a service company through matching of expenses with revenues. • In a merchandising company‚ the primary source of revenue is the sale of merchandise‚ which is called sales revenue or sales. • Expenses for merchandising
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compared to these standards (comparing what happened with what should have happened). The differences are called exceptions and are brought up to the management. Variance Analysis Cycle: preparation of standard cost performance reports in the accounting department – highlight variances‚ variances raise questions‚ significant variances are investigated to discover their root causes‚ and finally corrective actions are taken. The cycle repeats with new performance reports. Standard Cost Record:
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had fair values that were equal to their carrying values on January 1‚ 20X2‚ except for the following: | Fair value | Carrying value | Inventory | $250‚000 | $350‚000 | The statements of financial position of Haika Inc. and Selina Co. on December 31‚ 20X6‚ were as follows: Statements of Financial Position at December 31‚ 20X6 | | Haika | Selina | Assets | | | | Cash and current receivables | $900‚000 | $400‚000 | | Temporary investments — HFT | | 1‚100‚000 | | Inventories
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Adjusting Accounts and Preparing Financial Statements QUESTIONS 1. The cash basis of accounting reports revenues when cash is received while the accrual basis reports revenues when they are earned. The cash basis reports expenses when cash is paid while the accrual basis reports expenses when they are incurred (and matched with revenues they generated). 2. The accrual basis of accounting generally provides a better indication of company performance and financial condition than does the cash
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1 1. The main purpose of financial accounting is to communicate useful financial information to decision-makers both inside and outside of the business organization. True False 2. The Canadian Business Corporations Act mandates that all incorporated companies in Canada follow IFRS. True False 3. Private companies in Canada may choose between IFRS or ASPE. True False 4. Canada has adapted its own pre-existing standards for public companies to IFRS‚ while the U.S has adopted
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Cost Accounting -- MIDTERM 1 1) Pointed Pencil company incurs the following costs in its manufacture of pencils. Classify each one of them according to one of the value chain functions: Functions: A) Research and Development B) Design of products‚ services‚ and processes. C) Production D) Marketing E) Distribution F) Customer Service G) Strategy and Administration ____ 1) Cost of wood used in manufacture of pencils. ____ 2) Cost of wood used in packing cartons to ship pencils. ____
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