Exchange Rate December 2014 THE EXCHANGE RATE KEY DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS 1. How is the exchange rate defined? The exchange rate is the price of a unit of foreign currency in terms of the domestic currency. In the Philippines‚ for instance‚ the exchange rate is conventionally expressed as the value of one US dollar in peso equivalent. For example‚ US$1 = P44.00. In every exchange rate quotation‚ therefore‚ there are always two currencies involved. 2. Why is the exchange rate important? The exchange
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Introduction The nation’s high unemployment rate is a result of a severe drop in demand for goods and services. It’s not a reflection of longer-term structural changes in the economy but rather cyclical changes in the economy. The demand for goods has been limited because of tight credit‚ decreases in government budgets‚ suppression of demand by consumers and foreign markets‚ and the inability by the fed lower interest rates. Even with the low level of interest rates the Fed is currently practicing a tight
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The Importance of The Discount Rate during Financial Crises and its Effectiveness in Targeting a Given Interbank Lending Rate In this essay I will briefly describe supply and demand for reserves in the economy to provide some context to the discount window before discussing the implementation of the discount window during the financial crisis of 2007-8 and its overall importance making specific reference to the Federal Reserve and its effect on the interbank lending rate. Firstly‚ I will outline
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relationships among real GDP growth rate‚ unemployment rate and consumer price index of Japan between 1999 and 2009 In this essay‚ we will be looking at Japan’s economy through the 3 macro-economic indicators. The economy of Japan is the second largest in the world in terms of nominal GDP‚ after the US. Economic growth in Japan‚ however‚ has been slow in the recent decade: throughout the 1990s her growth was slower than growth in other major industrial nations‚ from 4.5% per annum in the 1980s‚ real
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What is inflation rate? Inflation means a sustained increase in the aggregate or general price level in an economy. Inflation means there is an increase in the cost of living. What are the economic policies that lead to low inflation in an economy? 1. Monetary Policy In the UK and US‚ monetary policy is the most important tool for maintaining low inflation. In the UK‚ monetary policy is set by the MPC of the Bank of England. They are given an inflation target by the government. This inflation
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ABSTRACT This research paper presents empirically analysis of the impact of GDP growth rate and employment rate on inflation. For this purpose data from 1995 to 2008 has been collected and analyzed through OLS technique. The result of the model shows that GDP growth rate and employment rate adequately affect inflation. With the increase in GDP and employment‚ inflation decreases. INTRODUCTION Inflation is a burning issue in Pakistan. It is generally felt that for several years Pakistan has
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Effects of Raising Interest Rates If a central bank increases the base rate‚ this tends to increase all major interest rates in the economy. This means interest rates for both savers and borrowers will increase. Higher interest rates will have various economic effects: 1. Increases the cost of borrowing. Interest payments on credit cards and loans will be more expensive. Therefore this discourages people from borrowing and saving. People who already have loans will have less disposable income
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India Agriculture Spoilage Data Per 2010 FAO world agriculture statistics‚ India is the world’s largest producer of many fresh fruits and vegetables‚ milk‚ major spices‚ select fresh meats‚ select fibrous crops such as jute‚ several staples such as millets and castor oil seed. India is the second largest producer of wheat and rice‚ the world’s major food staples. India is also the world’s second or third largest producer of several dry fruits‚ agriculture-based textile raw materials‚ roots and tuber crops
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be defined as the number of people (of working age) who are willing and available to work at current wage rates‚ but not currently employed • Unemployment rate: the percentage of the labour force without a job but registered as being willing and available for work • Labour force: those people holding a job or registered as being willing and available for work • Participation rate: the percentage of the population of working age declaring themselves to be in the labour force TYPES
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“Volatility of Exchange Rate and Export Growth in Pakistan: The Structure and Interdependence in Regional Markets” Khalid Mustafa Assistant Professor Department of Economics‚ University of Karachi and Mohammed Nishat‚ PhD Professor and Chairman‚ Finance and Economics Institute of Business Administration‚ Karachi Abstract The study empirically investigates the effect of exchange rate volatility on exports growth between Pakistan and leading trade partners. The countries are selected to determine
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