Classical Conditioning Unconditioned stimulus (US) "reflexively" evokes Unconditioned response (UR). Through learning‚ a Conditioned stimulus (CS) can evoke a Conditioned response (CR) Identify the US‚ UR‚ CS‚ and CR: 1. Frank loves to swim in the lake near his house. After swimming in the lake one afternoon‚ he discovered two big slimy‚ blood sucking leeches attached to his leg. He was repulsed by the experience of pulling the slimy bodies off his leg. Now when he drives by the lake he
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Psychology!!!! 1.) Psychologists who argue that Psychologists should only study behavior‚ measurable behaviors are called (behaviorists). 2.) (Pavlov) discovered classical conditioning 3.) At the Beginning of an experiment on classical conditioning‚ (The UCS elicits a UCR automatically). 4.) In Pavlov’s experiments he paired the presentation of food with measured salivation to each. In this experiment the buzzer was the (conditioned stimulus). 5.) You were once stung
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Explain the initial pairing of the banging bar and the rat in terms of learning through classical conditioning. What is unconditioned stimulus (US)‚ conditioned stimulus (CS)‚ and conditioned response (CR)? “Two months after pretesting‚ Albert was shown a white rat‚ and anytime Albert touched the rat‚ he was exposed to the sound of the hammer hitting a steel bar. After seven trials‚ Albert cried and demonstrated avoidance on presentation of the rat—the conditioned stimulus—in the absence of the loud
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Research Essay: Elements of Classic Conditioning In the Little Albert experiment of Conditioned Emotional Reactions‚ baby Albert was exposed to various stimuli which were paired with a loud banging noise on a bar. A rat was put next to Albert and when he would reach for the rat‚ they would bang that bar to get baby Albert to display fear by crying. Albert was conditioned to the point that by simply showing him the rat he would cry and want to crawl away. He knew that along with the rat‚
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is Punishment by Removal‚ or Negative Punishment. 4. Something bad can start or be presented‚ causing a specific behavior to decrease. This is referred to as Punishment by Application‚ or Positive Punishment. This paper will present specific examples of the above four different learning theories and illustrate how each can be a tool for behavior modification. POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT Positive Reinforcement occurs when something is presented after a specific behavior‚ and as a result‚ the behavior
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our observable behavior (aka our response). When it comes to the behavioral perspective‚ there are two types of conditioning: (1) classical conditioning and (2) operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is a process in learning by association and determining what our behavior is. Operant conditioning is the process of learning by consequence and rewards. I believe operant conditioning is seen more commonly today with the parenting style for kids and the obedience process of animals. If a child
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experiences (Ricker‚ 2013). Learning can be achieved in a variety of approaches‚ classical‚ and operant conditioning as well as positive reinforcement. The classical and operant conditioning methods were derived by B. F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov. Kowalski and Westen (2011) noted‚ “Classical conditioning as learning in which an environmental stimulus produces a response in an organism” (p. 164). Operant conditioning is “learning that results when an individual associates a response that occurs spontaneously
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Classical‚ operant conditioning and observation all begin with learning. Learning is the process of obtaining new and relatively enduring information or behaviors. This enables humans to adapt to our environments. The way humans learn is through associating naturally occurring events in sequence. Through association the process of learning is called conditioning. There are two types of conditioning called classical and operant. Classical conditioning occurs when we learn to link two stimuli
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Types of Conditioning Phobias and Addictions Todd Hague PSY/300 August 28‚ 2013 Richard Johnston Types of Conditioning Phobia and Addictions Phobias and addictions can be very difficult on a mental standpoint. The definition of a phobia is an exaggerated usually inexplicable and illogical fear of a particular object‚ class of objects‚ or situation (Webster). There are many kinds of phobias such as‚ Cynophobia the fear of dogs could be a result of being bitten as a child or being cornered
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How Classical and Operant Conditioning are Different Even though they have similarities‚ there are vast differences in how classical conditioning and operant conditioning are performed. First is how the learning is performed. In classical conditioning‚ it is the process by which a stimulus that does not produce an action is directly linked to one that does. Operant conditioning is the process by which the likelihood of a response is governed by the consequences of responding. The timing of when
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