The authority of an agent is the act which he is allowed or authorised to do by his principal‚ and which will bind his/her principal. Usually‚ the principal will only be bound by the act of the agent if the agent acts within his/her authority. There are two types of authority which an agent could rely on‚ namely actual authority and apparent or ostensible authority. Actual authority is the authority given by the principal to the agent and could be in written or oral form. The capacity of an
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Assess the claim that the role of education is to transmit the ruling class ideology (20marks) Sociologists would agree that there are many roles in education but one of the main roles is to transmit a ruling class ideology‚ one perspective would be Marxism that see’s education based on class division and capitalist exploitation. However‚ functionalists would argue that education is seen as performing a beneficial role for both society and individuals. Marxism is a class conflict perspective
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Water is no doubt very important. Our ancestors survived and thrived without oil. Water was vital‚ for drinking‚ agriculture and sanitation amongst many other uses. However‚ with the advent of oil in the 1960s‚ the importance of water has been diminished to a point where oil is more important than water. In this modern era‚ energy use has skyrocketed‚ human population augmented greatly and the world‚ globalised. It is in this era‚ oil is more important because it is the crux of development of a nation
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What makes political authority different from other kinds of authority such as parental authority‚ medical authority‚ or ecclesiastical authority? Parental‚ medical‚ and ecclesiastical authorities have limits on which they are authoritative over. With authority in general there is this thing of ought‚ we do it because it is something we ought to do. Political authority has this obligation. Political Authority and Parental can force you to do something while as the others can not. Parental has
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Examine the claim that it is possible to attain knowledge despite problems of bias and selection. In this essay‚ I will examine whether it is possible to gain knowledge from different sources even with problems in today’s world such as bias and selection. In order to gain a better understanding of this topic‚ it is necessary to first define the terms "bias" and "selection" as stated in the title. The Oxford Dictionary defines bias as "prejudice in favour of or against one thing‚ person‚ or group
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AUTHORITY‚ DELEGATION AND DECENTRALISATION What is an authority? Authority is the cement of organisation structure in which various units of organisation are integrated. Without authority a manager cesses to be a manager. It is the authority that gives managers power to act. Authority is glue that holds organisation together. It is impossible to have an organisation unless some persons have the authority to command action of others. The word Authority is derived from the Latin word “auctoritas”
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1986) 2. AUTHORITY According to Henry Fayol authority is the right given to a manager or director to achieve the objectives of an organization‚ it is the right to get things done through others. The right to give orders to the subordinates and to get obedience them because managers cannot do their work without authority‚ it is the right to give orders and power to exact obedience INTRODUCTION This essay seeks to compare and contrast power and authority. As already
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FUNCTIONAL AUTHORITY: Functional authority consists of the right to give orders within a segment of the organization in which this right is normally non existent. This authority is usually assigned to individuals to complement the line or staff authority they already possess. Functional Authority generally covers only specific task areas and is operational only for designated amounts of time. It is given to individuals who‚ in order to meet responsibilities in their own areas‚ must be able to exercise
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War and Legitimate Self-Defense Starting a war is an immoral act. It is a very serious sin against the Fifth Commandment and it has been condemned by the Church’s Magisterium throughout all of Catholic social teaching. There are more appropriate ways that we have been taught to solve conflicts. Pope Pius XII even warned us that “Nothing is lost by peace; everything is lost by war.” War itself has been one of the greatest threats to the sacredness of life throughout the entirety of human existence
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In the section‚ “The Era of Legitimate Commerce‚ 1800-1870” of Bill Freund’s book‚ “The Making of Contemporary Africa‚ he explores the concept of “Legitimate Commerce” and the resulting impact this had on Africa after the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade. Freund utilizes “Legitimate Commerce” to frame both European and African developments relating to economic and social changes as well as the development of new states in Africa. These changes are outlined in this chapter as they relate to the
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