machine or a lower price). Next stage is general need description in which a buyer describes the general characteristics and quantity of a needed item. An example‚ for complex items‚ the buyer needs to work with others-engineers‚ users‚ consultants to define the item. Third step is product specification. The buying organization decides on and specifies the best technical product characteristics for a needed item by using product value analysis. Supplier search is another step in which the buyer tries
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I know that most of us have learned that Bill W. created the 12-step program of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). However‚ the actual steps and traditions may have found its beginnings prior to Bill W. In the first half of the 20th century a religious organization called the Oxford Group had already been formulating a plan of self-betterment utilizing what we now call the 12 steps (Alcoholics Anonymous World Services [AAWS]‚ 2017). Carl Jung‚ a Swiss psychiatrist realized that a client of his who had addiction
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Development Stages | The new-product planning process involves a series of steps from idea generation to commercialization.Idea Generation Idea generation is a continuous‚ systematic search for new product opportunities. It involves delineating sources of new ideas and methods for generating them. Methods for generating ideas include brainstorming (small-group sessions which stimulate a wide range of ideas)‚ analysis of existing products‚ and surveys. Many marketing analysts suggest that an open
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Four Steps to Forecast Total Market Demand F. William Barnett Harvard Business Review No. 88401 HBR JULY–AUGUST 1988 Four Steps to Forecast Total Market Demand F. William Barnett Recent history is filled with stories of companies and sometimes even entire industries that have made grave strategic errors because of inaccurate industrywide demand forecasts. For example: ▫ In 1974‚ U.S. electric utilities made plans to double generating capacity by the mid-1980s based on forecasts
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Evaluate the statement‚ “One person’s terrorist is another person’s freedom fighter.” According to Dictionary.com‚ the definition of “terrorist” is “a person‚ usually a member of a group‚ who advocates terrorism or a person who frightens others.” As for the phase “freedom fighter”‚ it refers to “a person who battles against established forces of tyranny and dictatorship.” In the Western media‚ and often in the world media “Terrorists” are always described as violent people‚ and enemies of world
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AN ESSAY ON THE QUESTION IS MANAGEMENT MORE IMPORTANT THAN LEADERSHIP IN TODAY ’S RAAF? ’ by Flight Lieutenant P.J. Noake‚ BA It is the responsibility of the commander and the officers in the unit to provide the overall direction and to facilitate the motivation needed to move subordinates and peers in the organisation to the accomplishment of the mission. Colonel Mark Chapin‚ USAF.1 INTRODUCTION 1. In the pursuit of their objectives‚ all organisations rely on the efficiency and effectiveness
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forced to carry the fetus to term. Imagine if‚ in an unfortunate case‚ a young 14-year-old-girl was raped and then forced to keep the child. She would be teased and abandoned by her friends and possibly family‚ and may develop severe depression and anxiety problems because she was not emotionally capable to care for a child. Her then lack of education would lead to poverty and sickness. Why impose this kind of torture on a young girl? Why should the mother be stuck with extra responsibilities because
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So‚ in the 1940s‚ some of the researchers introduce two-step flow model. Two-step flow model is came out because they think that communication is a complex process. A book‚ ‘The People’s Choice’ has been wrote by American sociologist Paul F Lazarsfeld. He summarized his research of November 1940 presidential election in his book. He discovered that people are more likely to be influenced by other people than the mass media on his research. He named this kind of people ‘opinion leaders’. Then‚ he
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Airport Security: Why Safety Is More Important than Privacy Since September 11th‚ people have become concerned about airport security. The millimeter body scanner is one of the outcomes of people’s concerns. The scanner creates a full body image that can reveal any suspicious element that may be concealed on their person. While this type of image can calm some fears‚ the scanner is now a controversial issue. Arguments for each side focus on two main areas: privacy and safety
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proposals consists of five distinct but interrelated steps: 1) Proposal generation: Proposals are made at all levels within a business organization and are reviewed by the finance personnel. Proposals that require large outlays are more carefully scrutinized than less costly ones. 2) Review and analysis: Formal review and analysis is performed to assess the appropriateness of proposals and evaluate their economic viability. Once the analysis is complete‚ a summary report is submitted to decision
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